The conversion of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) into calcium phosphates represents a strategy of interest to produce biomimetic materials by mild-wet approach, i.e., at room temperature and pressure. In this thesis work, several CaCO₃-based biogenic precursors were investigated, compared with a synthetic reference, to evaluate their behavior in the formation of phosphate phases through a process based on saline solutions, in the presence and absence of organic and inorganic additions. The aim of the thesis was to understand how the nature of the precursor and the chemical treatment conditions influence the formation and nature of the calcium phosphate phases obtained, with particular attention to the possible nucleation of biomimetic apathetic phases. The structural characterization performed by XRD and ATR-FTIR, highlighted, for all the precursors analyzed, the formation of low crystallinity phases attributable to carbonated hydroxyapatite and/or non-stoichiometric apatitic phases. The observed differences between biogenic and synthetic precursors are mainly related to the microstructure and original composition of the starting material, with a significant influence on the response to treatment. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of sustainable conversion of CaCO₃ into biomimetic phosphate phases under mild-wet conditions, highlighting the potential of biogenic precursors as a platform for the development of biomaterials with reduced environmental impact.
La conversione del carbonato di calcio (CaCO₃) in fosfati di calcio rappresenta una strategia di interesse per l’ottenimento di materiali biomimetici mediante approccio mild-wet, cioè a temperatura e pressione ambientale. In questo lavoro di tesi sono stati investigati diversi precursori biogenici a base di CaCO₃, confrontati con un CaCO₃ sintetico, al fine di valutarne il comportamento nella formazione di fasi fosfatiche attraverso un processo basato su soluzioni saline, in presenza e in assenza di addizioni organiche e inorganiche. L’obiettivo del lavoro di tesi è stato comprendere come la natura del precursore e le condizioni chimiche di trattamento influenzino la formazione e la natura delle fasi di fosfato di calcio ottenute, con particolare attenzione alla possibile nucleazione di fasi apatitiche biomimetiche. La caratterizzazione strutturale, condotta mediante XRD e ATR-FTIR, ha evidenziato, per tutti i precursori analizzati, la formazione di fasi a bassa cristallinità riconducibili a idrossiapatite carbonatata e/o fasi apatitiche non stechiometriche. Le differenze osservate tra i precursori biogenici e quello sintetico risultano principalmente correlate alla microstruttura e alla composizione originaria del materiale di partenza, con un’influenza rilevante sulla risposta al trattamento. Nel complesso, i risultati dimostrano la fattibilità della conversione sostenibile di CaCO₃ in fasi fosfatiche biomimetiche in condizioni mild-wet, evidenziando il potenziale dei precursori biogenici come piattaforma per lo sviluppo di biomateriali a ridotto impatto ambientale.
Conversione biomimetica di carbonati di calcio da fonti biogeniche mediante approccio mild-wet (green)
MASETTI, FEDERICO
2025/2026
Abstract
The conversion of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) into calcium phosphates represents a strategy of interest to produce biomimetic materials by mild-wet approach, i.e., at room temperature and pressure. In this thesis work, several CaCO₃-based biogenic precursors were investigated, compared with a synthetic reference, to evaluate their behavior in the formation of phosphate phases through a process based on saline solutions, in the presence and absence of organic and inorganic additions. The aim of the thesis was to understand how the nature of the precursor and the chemical treatment conditions influence the formation and nature of the calcium phosphate phases obtained, with particular attention to the possible nucleation of biomimetic apathetic phases. The structural characterization performed by XRD and ATR-FTIR, highlighted, for all the precursors analyzed, the formation of low crystallinity phases attributable to carbonated hydroxyapatite and/or non-stoichiometric apatitic phases. The observed differences between biogenic and synthetic precursors are mainly related to the microstructure and original composition of the starting material, with a significant influence on the response to treatment. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of sustainable conversion of CaCO₃ into biomimetic phosphate phases under mild-wet conditions, highlighting the potential of biogenic precursors as a platform for the development of biomaterials with reduced environmental impact.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_ Masetti_10985703.pdf
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Executive_Summary_Masetti_10985703.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/253012