This Master’s Thesis in Mechanical Engineering systematically analyzes the operational workflow of a company operating in the Oil & Gas sector, specialized in the design and manufacturing of skid-mounted modular systems and industrial sampling solutions for complex applications. The primary objective of the work is to identify organizational and technical criticalities along the entire project lifecycle, from client request to final project closure, and to propose structured optimization strategies aimed at improving efficiency, operational stability, and technical reliability. The study is developed within an industrial context characterized by high technical complexity, strict regulatory constraints, and strong pressure on delivery timelines. The analyzed projects include ammonia and hydrogen production plants, methanol systems, naval applications, and industrial sampling modules. In such environments, mechanical engineering extends beyond component sizing and structural verification, playing a central role in the integration of pressurized systems, supporting structures, instrumentation interfaces, and logistical constraints, while ensuring compliance with international standards such as ISO 9001, ASME/EN, ATEX, and ISA 5.1. The adopted methodology is based on a structured process mapping approach, combined with the identification of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and critical area analysis. Parameters such as Lead Time, Revision Rate, Non-Conformity Rate, and Rework Percentage are used to transform a predominantly qualitative workflow into an engineering-oriented, measurable system. This framework enables the identification of the main sources of variability, particularly within the proposal phase, detailed engineering development, and cross-departmental coordination. The Project Proposal phase emerges as a structurally decisive stage for overall project stability. The introduction of formal validation gates, standardization of the proposal structure, and the creation of pre-qualified supplier databases are identified as key interventions to reduce post-award revisions and enhance economic predictability. The proposal phase is therefore reinterpreted not merely as a commercial negotiation step, but as the first technically binding configuration definition activity. Within the Engineering Design Phase, particular emphasis is placed on ISA 5.1-compliant P&ID validation, integrated 3D modeling, and synchronization between technical documentation and Material Requests. Identified inefficiencies include misalignment between revision levels, late spatial conflict detection, and inconsistencies between digital models and procurement documentation. The implementation of controlled revision matrices, early clash detection sessions, and structured supplier technical confirmations transforms the design process from a reactive iterative activity into a controlled and synchronized engineering system. The Project Kick-Off phase is analyzed as a critical baseline consolidation moment. Alignment between mechanical, process, electrical, and plant engineering disciplines is essential to prevent late-stage integration conflicts. The formalization of synchronized documentation checkpoints and technical confirmations prior to Purchase Order issuance reduces the risk of discrepancies between drawings and procurement. Subsequently, the thesis examines Work Organization, Assembly, and Quality Control phases, highlighting how spatial congestion, suboptimal sequencing, and fragmented revision management can generate cumulative inefficiencies. The implementation of structured pre-assembly verification sessions, controlled on-site modification reporting procedures, and digital traceability systems significantly reduces rework and strengthens consistency between physical execution and official documentation. A dedicated section addresses Lifting Operations and Logistics and Transportation, integrating applied mechanical principles such as center of gravity calculation, sling tension verification, and inertial load considerations during transport. These analyses demonstrate how safety and structural integrity represent natural extensions of the engineering design process rather than isolated verification activities. Project Closure is reinterpreted as a knowledge consolidation phase, in which final documentation, structured technical review, and non-conformity management convert individual project experience into collective organizational learning. In the Design Improvements section, strategies of modular standardization, digital integration, and engineering tool optimization are proposed. Digitalization emerges as a transversal leverage factor, enabling synchronization between CAD models, material lists, and document management systems, thereby reducing manual errors and enhancing managerial visibility. Finally, the analysis of Parallel Activities and the Optidrop case study demonstrates that simultaneous multi-project management represents a strategic organizational competence. The ability to coordinate shared resources, dynamically assign priorities, and manage modular production without generating congestion increases scalability without proportional inefficiency growth. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that optimization does not derive from isolated corrective actions but from systemic integration of standardization, digitalization, and structured revision control. The resulting operational model reduces variability, enhances predictability, and strengthens competitiveness within the highly demanding Oil & Gas industry, where technical rigor and procedural discipline represent decisive differentiating factors.
Abstract - ITA La presente tesi di Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Meccanica analizza in modo sistematico il flusso operativo di un’azienda operante nel settore Oil & Gas, specializzata nella progettazione e realizzazione di sistemi modulari skid-mounted e soluzioni di campionamento per applicazioni complesse. L’obiettivo principale del lavoro consiste nell’individuare le criticità organizzative e tecniche presenti lungo l’intero ciclo di vita del progetto, dalla fase di richiesta del cliente fino alla chiusura finale, proponendo strategie di ottimizzazione strutturate in grado di incrementare efficienza, stabilità operativa e affidabilità tecnica. L’analisi si inserisce in un contesto industriale caratterizzato da elevata complessità tecnica, severi vincoli normativi e forte pressione sui tempi di consegna. I progetti trattati comprendono impianti per produzione di ammoniaca e idrogeno, sistemi per metanolo, applicazioni navali e moduli di campionamento industriale. In tali ambienti, l’ingegneria meccanica non si limita al dimensionamento dei componenti, ma assume un ruolo centrale nell’integrazione di sistemi pressurizzati, strutture portanti, strumentazione e vincoli logistici, garantendo conformità a standard quali ISO 9001, ASME/EN, ATEX e ISA 5.1. La metodologia adottata si basa su un approccio strutturato di process mapping, identificazione di indicatori di performance (KPI) e analisi delle aree critiche. Parametri quali Lead Time, Revision Rate, Non-Conformity Rate e Rework Percentage vengono utilizzati come strumenti di trasformazione di un processo prevalentemente qualitativo in un sistema ingegneristicamente misurabile. Tale impostazione consente di individuare le principali fonti di variabilità, in particolare nelle fasi di proposta commerciale, progettazione esecutiva e coordinamento interdipartimentale. La fase di Project Proposal emerge come punto strutturalmente determinante per la stabilità del progetto. L’introduzione di validation gate formali, la standardizzazione della struttura dell’offerta e la creazione di database fornitori qualificati rappresentano interventi chiave per ridurre revisioni post-aggiudicazione e migliorare la prevedibilità economica. La proposta non è più interpretata come mera negoziazione commerciale, ma come primo atto di configurazione tecnica vincolante. Nella Engineering Design Phase, l’attenzione si concentra sulla validazione P&ID conforme a ISA 5.1, sulla modellazione 3D integrata e sulla sincronizzazione tra documentazione tecnica e Material Request. Le inefficienze identificate riguardano disallineamenti tra revisioni, ritardi nell’identificazione di clash spaziali e incoerenze tra modello e lista materiali. L’introduzione di matrici di revisione controllate, sessioni di clash detection preventiva e conferme tecniche anticipate dai fornitori permette di trasformare la progettazione da processo iterativo reattivo a sistema controllato e sincronizzato. La fase di Project Kick-Off viene analizzata come momento critico di consolidamento del baseline tecnico. L’allineamento tra ingegneria meccanica, di processo, elettrica e plant engineering risulta essenziale per prevenire conflitti tardivi. La formalizzazione di protocolli di sincronizzazione documentale e conferma tecnica prima dell’emissione dei PO riduce la probabilità di disallineamenti tra disegni e approvvigionamento. Successivamente, la tesi esamina le fasi operative di Work Organization, Assembly e Quality Control, evidenziando come congestione spaziale, sequenziamento non otimizzato e gestione frammentata delle revisioni possano generare inefficienze cumulative. L’implementazione di verifiche pre-assemblaggio strutturate, procedure di reporting delle modifiche in officina e digitalizzazione della tracciabilità consente una significativa riduzione del rework e una maggiore coerenza tra realtà fisica e documentazione tecnica. Un capitolo specifico è dedicato alle Lifting Operations e alla Logistica e Trasporto, dove vengono integrate considerazioni di meccanica strutturale e dinamica applicata. Il corretto calcolo del centro di gravità, la verifica delle tensioni nelle brache e l’analisi dei carichi inerziali durante il trasporto dimostrano come la sicurezza e l’integrità strutturale costituiscano estensioni naturali del processo progettuale. La fase di Project Closure viene reinterpretata come momento di consolidamento conoscitivo, in cui la documentazione finale, la gestione delle non conformità e la revisione tecnica strutturata trasformano l’esperienza del singolo progetto in patrimonio organizzativo. Nella sezione dedicata ai Design Improvements, vengono proposte strategie di standardizzazione modulare, integrazione digitale e ottimizzazione dei tool ingegneristici. La digitalizzazione emerge come leva trasversale, in grado di sincronizzare modelli CAD, liste materiali e sistemi documentali, riducendo errori manuali e aumentando visibilità gestionale. Infine, l’analisi delle Parallel Activities e del case study Optidrop evidenzia come la gestione simultanea di più progetti rappresenti una competenza organizzativa strategica. La capacità di coordinare risorse condivise, priorità dinamiche e produzione modulare standardizzata consente di aumentare la scalabilità aziendale senza incrementare proporzionalmente l’inefficienza. Nel complesso, la tesi dimostra che l’ottimizzazione non deriva da singoli interventi isolati, ma dall’integrazione sistemica di standardizzazione, digitalizzazione e controllo strutturato delle revisioni. Il risultato è un modello operativo capace di ridurre variabilità, aumentare prevedibilità e rafforzare la competitività in un settore Oil & Gas caratterizzato da elevata complessità tecnica e stringenti requisiti di affidabilità.
Technical study and optimization OILandAS
LATOCCA, SIMONE
2025/2026
Abstract
This Master’s Thesis in Mechanical Engineering systematically analyzes the operational workflow of a company operating in the Oil & Gas sector, specialized in the design and manufacturing of skid-mounted modular systems and industrial sampling solutions for complex applications. The primary objective of the work is to identify organizational and technical criticalities along the entire project lifecycle, from client request to final project closure, and to propose structured optimization strategies aimed at improving efficiency, operational stability, and technical reliability. The study is developed within an industrial context characterized by high technical complexity, strict regulatory constraints, and strong pressure on delivery timelines. The analyzed projects include ammonia and hydrogen production plants, methanol systems, naval applications, and industrial sampling modules. In such environments, mechanical engineering extends beyond component sizing and structural verification, playing a central role in the integration of pressurized systems, supporting structures, instrumentation interfaces, and logistical constraints, while ensuring compliance with international standards such as ISO 9001, ASME/EN, ATEX, and ISA 5.1. The adopted methodology is based on a structured process mapping approach, combined with the identification of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and critical area analysis. Parameters such as Lead Time, Revision Rate, Non-Conformity Rate, and Rework Percentage are used to transform a predominantly qualitative workflow into an engineering-oriented, measurable system. This framework enables the identification of the main sources of variability, particularly within the proposal phase, detailed engineering development, and cross-departmental coordination. The Project Proposal phase emerges as a structurally decisive stage for overall project stability. The introduction of formal validation gates, standardization of the proposal structure, and the creation of pre-qualified supplier databases are identified as key interventions to reduce post-award revisions and enhance economic predictability. The proposal phase is therefore reinterpreted not merely as a commercial negotiation step, but as the first technically binding configuration definition activity. Within the Engineering Design Phase, particular emphasis is placed on ISA 5.1-compliant P&ID validation, integrated 3D modeling, and synchronization between technical documentation and Material Requests. Identified inefficiencies include misalignment between revision levels, late spatial conflict detection, and inconsistencies between digital models and procurement documentation. The implementation of controlled revision matrices, early clash detection sessions, and structured supplier technical confirmations transforms the design process from a reactive iterative activity into a controlled and synchronized engineering system. The Project Kick-Off phase is analyzed as a critical baseline consolidation moment. Alignment between mechanical, process, electrical, and plant engineering disciplines is essential to prevent late-stage integration conflicts. The formalization of synchronized documentation checkpoints and technical confirmations prior to Purchase Order issuance reduces the risk of discrepancies between drawings and procurement. Subsequently, the thesis examines Work Organization, Assembly, and Quality Control phases, highlighting how spatial congestion, suboptimal sequencing, and fragmented revision management can generate cumulative inefficiencies. The implementation of structured pre-assembly verification sessions, controlled on-site modification reporting procedures, and digital traceability systems significantly reduces rework and strengthens consistency between physical execution and official documentation. A dedicated section addresses Lifting Operations and Logistics and Transportation, integrating applied mechanical principles such as center of gravity calculation, sling tension verification, and inertial load considerations during transport. These analyses demonstrate how safety and structural integrity represent natural extensions of the engineering design process rather than isolated verification activities. Project Closure is reinterpreted as a knowledge consolidation phase, in which final documentation, structured technical review, and non-conformity management convert individual project experience into collective organizational learning. In the Design Improvements section, strategies of modular standardization, digital integration, and engineering tool optimization are proposed. Digitalization emerges as a transversal leverage factor, enabling synchronization between CAD models, material lists, and document management systems, thereby reducing manual errors and enhancing managerial visibility. Finally, the analysis of Parallel Activities and the Optidrop case study demonstrates that simultaneous multi-project management represents a strategic organizational competence. The ability to coordinate shared resources, dynamically assign priorities, and manage modular production without generating congestion increases scalability without proportional inefficiency growth. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that optimization does not derive from isolated corrective actions but from systemic integration of standardization, digitalization, and structured revision control. The resulting operational model reduces variability, enhances predictability, and strengthens competitiveness within the highly demanding Oil & Gas industry, where technical rigor and procedural discipline represent decisive differentiating factors.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/253168