Composite materials, especially carbon fiber reinforced polymers, are growing materi als in the aerospace industry, thanks to their high performances and low weight. These characteristics make them suitable materials for enhancing fuel efficiency and mitigating environmental burdens. Unfortunately, they are difficult to recycle and their production is closely linked to petroleum products. However, at the moment, studies analyzing the actual environmental impact of CFRPs are scarce and limited mostly to traditional ma terials. For this reason, this work aims to compare different composite materials, both from tradi tional materials and from recycled and bio-based materials, using Life Cycle Assessment methodology to determine possible environmental advantages of specific fiber/matrix com binations in aerospace applications. Also the impact of different manufacturing technolo gies as AFP, RTM, hand lay-up and compression molding is assessed. This assessment is made considering a cradle-to-gate approach, from the production of the matrices and fibers, until the production of the final composite panels. The analysis is carried out using SimaPro software, supported using data from scientific literature and industrial reports. The analysis shows possible environmental advantages in using recycled fibers and soybean oil-derived bio-based matrix, in respect to classical epoxy-PAN carbon fibers composites. The results also highlight the importance in relation to environmental burdens of the energy sources for the production and processing of composite materials. Possible future developments especially for eco-friendly matrices and fibers are proposed.
I materiali compositi, in particolare i polimeri rinforzati con fibre di carbonio, sono mate riali emergenti nell’industria aerospaziale, grazie alle alte prestazioni e al ridotto peso che li caratterizzano. Queste proprietà li rendono idonei all’ottimizzazione della quantità di carburante necessaria e alla mitigazione degli impatti ambientali. Sfortunatamente questi materiali sono difficili da riciclare e la loro produzione si basa strettamente sull’utilizzo di petrolio. Nonostante ciò, al momento gli studi di valutazione dell’impatto ambientale di questi materiali sono scarsi e focalizzati sui compositi tradizionali. Per questo motivo, questo lavoro si propone di confrontare diversi materiali compositi composti da materiali tradizionali ma anche riciclati e bio-based, utilizzando la metodolo gia LCA per determinare possibili vantaggi ambientali di determinate combinazioni fi bre/matrice in applicazioni aerospaziali. Viene valutato anche l’impatto di tecnologie di produzione come AFP, RTM, lay-up manuale e compression molding. Questa valutazione è sviluppata con approccio cradle-to-gate, dalla produzione di ma trice e fibre all’ottenimento del pannello composito finale. L’analisi è realizzata con il software SimaPro, utilizzando dati ricavati da letteratura scientifica e report industriali a supporto. L’analisi mostra possibili vantaggi nell’uso di fibre riciclate e matrice bio-based derivata da olio di soia, rispetto a un composito tradizionale in epossidica e fibre di carbonio da PAN. I risultati sottolineano inoltre l’importanza rispetto ai fattori ambientali delle fonti energetiche per la produzione e lavorazione dei materiali compositi. Infine sono proposti possibili sviluppi futuri, soprattutto in merito a matrici e fibre eco friendly
Environmental impact assessment of aerospace-grade composite materials through Life Cycle Analysis
Dessolis, Chiara
2024/2025
Abstract
Composite materials, especially carbon fiber reinforced polymers, are growing materi als in the aerospace industry, thanks to their high performances and low weight. These characteristics make them suitable materials for enhancing fuel efficiency and mitigating environmental burdens. Unfortunately, they are difficult to recycle and their production is closely linked to petroleum products. However, at the moment, studies analyzing the actual environmental impact of CFRPs are scarce and limited mostly to traditional ma terials. For this reason, this work aims to compare different composite materials, both from tradi tional materials and from recycled and bio-based materials, using Life Cycle Assessment methodology to determine possible environmental advantages of specific fiber/matrix com binations in aerospace applications. Also the impact of different manufacturing technolo gies as AFP, RTM, hand lay-up and compression molding is assessed. This assessment is made considering a cradle-to-gate approach, from the production of the matrices and fibers, until the production of the final composite panels. The analysis is carried out using SimaPro software, supported using data from scientific literature and industrial reports. The analysis shows possible environmental advantages in using recycled fibers and soybean oil-derived bio-based matrix, in respect to classical epoxy-PAN carbon fibers composites. The results also highlight the importance in relation to environmental burdens of the energy sources for the production and processing of composite materials. Possible future developments especially for eco-friendly matrices and fibers are proposed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Dessolis_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/253307