The transition towards high speed and energy efficient marine transportation has driven significant interest in hydrofoil technology. However, the inherently unstable and highly coupled dynamics of fully submerged hydrofoils require advanced active flight control systems. This thesis presents the design, modeling, simulation, and experimental validation of a flight control system for a scaled hydrofoil catamaran prototype. This research adopts a mechatronic approach. Starting from the custom mechanical adaptation and manufacturing of the hull and foil structures, it procede with the precise integration of multiple sensors and actuation systems. To govern the complex hydrodynamic interactions, a coupled longitudinal and lateral state-space mathematical model was derived and rigorously verified in simulation environment. A robust Linear Quadratic Integral optimal controller was synthesized to ensure dynamic equilibrium. This continuous-time control law was discretized and deployed onto an embedded microcontroller architecture, featuring a critical Anti-Windup algorithm capable of managing actuator mechanical saturations without inducing integrator divergence. The results of this hardware and software design was successfully validated through experimental tests. The catamaran achieved continuous, and stable flights, tracking the target altitude reference, despite the physical limitation of the scale model that not permit a clean and full flight behavior. Experimental telemetry demonstrated the controller's robustness, proving its ability to maintain flight even when subjected to deliberate physical mass variations and unmodeled thrust pitching moments. At the end, this work validates a complete framework capable of manage the chaotic dynamics of scaled hydrofoils.
La transizione verso il trasporto marittimo ad alta velocità e ad alta efficienza energetica ha suscitato un interesse significativo per la tecnologia degli hydrofoil. Tuttavia, la dinamica intrinsecamente instabile e altamente accoppiata degli foil sommersi richiede sistemi attivi di controllo del volo. Questa tesi presenta la progettazione, la modellazione, la simulazione e la convalida sperimentale di un sistema di controllo del volo per un prototipo di catamarano in scala dotato di hydrofoil. È stato sintetizzato un robusto controller ottimale di tpo integrale quadratico lineare per garantire l'equilibrio dinamico. La legge di controllo a tempo continuo è stata discretizzata e implementata su un microcontrollore, con un algoritmo anti-Windup in grado di gestire le saturazioni meccaniche dell'attuatore senza indurre la divergenza dell'integratore del controllore. I risultati di questa progettazione hardware e software sono stati convalidati con successo attraverso test sperimentali. Il catamarano ha ottenuto voli continui e stabili, seguendo il riferimento all'altitudine, nonostante la limitazione fisica del modello in scala che non consente un comportamento di volo pulito e completo. La telemetria sperimentale ha dimostrato la robustezza del controllore, dimostrando la sua capacità di mantenere il volo anche se sottoposto a deliberate variazioni di massa e momenti di causati dalla propulsione, pur non modellati. Alla fine, questo lavoro convalida un quadro completo in grado di gestire le dinamiche caotiche di un modello dotato di hydrofoil.
Design, modeling, simulation and testing of a scale-model hydrofoil catamaran
Rampazzo, Matteo
2025/2026
Abstract
The transition towards high speed and energy efficient marine transportation has driven significant interest in hydrofoil technology. However, the inherently unstable and highly coupled dynamics of fully submerged hydrofoils require advanced active flight control systems. This thesis presents the design, modeling, simulation, and experimental validation of a flight control system for a scaled hydrofoil catamaran prototype. This research adopts a mechatronic approach. Starting from the custom mechanical adaptation and manufacturing of the hull and foil structures, it procede with the precise integration of multiple sensors and actuation systems. To govern the complex hydrodynamic interactions, a coupled longitudinal and lateral state-space mathematical model was derived and rigorously verified in simulation environment. A robust Linear Quadratic Integral optimal controller was synthesized to ensure dynamic equilibrium. This continuous-time control law was discretized and deployed onto an embedded microcontroller architecture, featuring a critical Anti-Windup algorithm capable of managing actuator mechanical saturations without inducing integrator divergence. The results of this hardware and software design was successfully validated through experimental tests. The catamaran achieved continuous, and stable flights, tracking the target altitude reference, despite the physical limitation of the scale model that not permit a clean and full flight behavior. Experimental telemetry demonstrated the controller's robustness, proving its ability to maintain flight even when subjected to deliberate physical mass variations and unmodeled thrust pitching moments. At the end, this work validates a complete framework capable of manage the chaotic dynamics of scaled hydrofoils.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Rampazzo_ExecutiveSummary.pdf
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2026_03_Rampazzo_Thesis.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/253445