In a complex and rapidly evolving environment, such as the Mediterranean basin, an urge for the development of sustainable water management solutions and adaption measures is required. This is why large-scale hydrological modelling becomes a crucial tool, enabling a comprehensive analysis and prediction of water balance. Hence, as a primary objective of this thesis, the FeST model is configured and the obtained simulated values are validated against hydrological observations, along a ten-year time span. The results reveal that a coherent seasonal behaviour is reproduced and appropriate integrated-volume estimates are provided across multiple basins, although daily skills are frequently limited. In addition, reliable insights for anthropization impacts on natural discharges are further examined. The second goal of this thesis addresses the potential impacts of climate change in the Mediterranean basin under several future evolution scenarios, by employing the prior built model. Several sets of bias-adjusted meteorological inputs, by the ISIMIP3b project, are employed as forcing from various climate models and emissions pathways. As confirmed by the climate change analysis, a clear tendency is verified throughout the region towards warmer temperatures, but precipitation changes are regionally diverse, often suggesting drying over many Mediterranean catchments. Nevertheless, diverse discharge responses suggest an inclination towards increased hydrological and climatic variability rather than a consistent overall transition. Drought conditions are frequently worse, even in cases where precipitation totals exhibit minimal fluctuation. Declining low flows may coexist with steady or marginally increasing maxima in some basins. Furthermore, it is observed that yearly maxima and high-flow indicators show a greater dependence on the scenario and climate model. Finally, when combined with the overall Mediterranean basin freshwater input, climate results highlight a counterbalance effect, where a few of major rivers dominate the overall contributions, masking declines in many medium and small basins.
In un contesto complesso e in rapida evoluzione come quello del bacino del Mar Mediterraneo, è fortemente necessario uno sviluppo per la gestione del ciclo idrologico sostenibile, unitamente a misure di adattamento. La modellazione idrologica a larga scala diventa uno strumento fondamentale, che fornisce analisi esaurienti e una stima del suo bilancio. Per questo motivo, come obiettivo principale di questa tesi, si è configurato il modello FeST, ottenendo valori simulati, che sono stati poi validati per mezzo di osservazioni idrologiche, per un intervallo di dieci anni. I risultati presentano un andamento stagionale coerente e una stima appropriata dei volumi cumulati per diversi bacini, nonostante le scarse statistiche per i valori giornalieri. In aggiunta, è stata sviluppata un’analisi degli impatti antropici sui deflussi naturali. Il secondo obiettivo di questa tesi tratta i possibili impatti dei cambiamenti climatici secondo diversi scenari di sviluppo futuri, implementando il modello precedentemente costruito. Sono utilizzati diversi gruppi di dati del progetto ISIMIP3b di forzanti meteorologiche, per vari modelli climatici e scenari di emissione, con correzione del bias. L’analisi dei cambiamenti climatici dimostra una chiara tendenza verso temperature più elevate; tuttavia, le variazioni nelle precipitazioni sono diseguali nella regione, spesso presentando un quadro più arido. I deflussi fluviali mostrano un’inclinazione verso una maggiore variabilità idrologica, rispetto a una transizione d’insieme. Spesso le portate di magra peggiorano, anche in casi in cui si verificano piccoli cambiamenti nell’andamento delle precipitazioni. Tuttavia, si può notare come bassi deflussi possono coesistere insieme a fenomeni di piena che rimangono invariati o leggermente in aumento. In aggiunta, si osserva che i flussi massimi annuali e le piene presentano una maggiore variabilità in base agli scenari e ai modelli climatici. In conclusione, gli apporti complessivi naturali presentano un effetto di compensazione, dove pochi dei maggiori affluenti dominano il bilancio complessivo, celando le riduzioni di diversi bacini di medie e piccole dimensioni.
Climate change impact analysis with large-scale hydrological modelling within the Mediterranean basin
Boselli, Francesco
2024/2025
Abstract
In a complex and rapidly evolving environment, such as the Mediterranean basin, an urge for the development of sustainable water management solutions and adaption measures is required. This is why large-scale hydrological modelling becomes a crucial tool, enabling a comprehensive analysis and prediction of water balance. Hence, as a primary objective of this thesis, the FeST model is configured and the obtained simulated values are validated against hydrological observations, along a ten-year time span. The results reveal that a coherent seasonal behaviour is reproduced and appropriate integrated-volume estimates are provided across multiple basins, although daily skills are frequently limited. In addition, reliable insights for anthropization impacts on natural discharges are further examined. The second goal of this thesis addresses the potential impacts of climate change in the Mediterranean basin under several future evolution scenarios, by employing the prior built model. Several sets of bias-adjusted meteorological inputs, by the ISIMIP3b project, are employed as forcing from various climate models and emissions pathways. As confirmed by the climate change analysis, a clear tendency is verified throughout the region towards warmer temperatures, but precipitation changes are regionally diverse, often suggesting drying over many Mediterranean catchments. Nevertheless, diverse discharge responses suggest an inclination towards increased hydrological and climatic variability rather than a consistent overall transition. Drought conditions are frequently worse, even in cases where precipitation totals exhibit minimal fluctuation. Declining low flows may coexist with steady or marginally increasing maxima in some basins. Furthermore, it is observed that yearly maxima and high-flow indicators show a greater dependence on the scenario and climate model. Finally, when combined with the overall Mediterranean basin freshwater input, climate results highlight a counterbalance effect, where a few of major rivers dominate the overall contributions, masking declines in many medium and small basins.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Boselli.pdf
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Descrizione: Prova Finale - Boselli Francesco
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/253463