The availability of numerical solvers dedicated to the simulation of multibody systems subject to N-body gravitational interactions has significantly enriched the possibilities for studying complex astrophysical problems. Within this context, the present work aims at extending such capabilities to systems where fluid dynamics effects play a significant role, with particular focus on cometary atmospheres. Simulating these environments is a challenging task as it is not evident which model is appropriate to describe such a peculiar environment. In order to assess the feasibility of the original idea, a review of the main literature on cometary atmospheres is conducted. It is found that a fluid approach is often considered appropriate to describe the inner coma of highly active comets. At the same time, in recent years, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics has gained popularity in the context of computational fluid dynamics, and is now widely employed in several engineering applications. Originally designed for astrophysical problems, SPH is well suited for the study of shock interaction problems and supersonic compressible flows, which characterize the gas expansion in the first layers of cometary atmospheres. A summary of the main open-source SPH software packages is presented, with particular attention to codes that can deal with inviscid compressible fluids, and their coupling with multibody dynamics solvers is discussed. Since none of the available tools fully satisfies the initial objectives, a new CUDA-based SPH solver is proposed. Developed as an additional module for the open-source multiphysics library Project Chrono, the presented code aims at consistently solving the Euler Equations for compressible flows. Its architecture is explained in detail, and a set of test cases is analyzed in order to ensure it is capable of retaining the physical characteristics of the systems under consideration.
La disponibilità di codici numerici per la simulazione di sistemi multibody soggetti a interazioni gravitazionali a N-corpi ha ampliato la possibilità di studiare sistemi astrofisici complessi. In questo contesto, l'idea alla base del presente lavoro consiste nell'espandere le capacità di tali strumenti alla simulazione di corpi celesti in cui i processi fluidodinamici rivestono un ruolo significativo, con particolare attenzione alle atmosfere cometarie. La simulazione di questi processi rappresenta una sfida non banale, perchè non è immediatamente evidente quale modello fisico sia più appropriato per descrivere ambienti così peculiari, in cui coesistono diversi regimi dinamici. Al fine di accertare la fattibilità dell'idea originale, in questa tesi viene presentata un'analisi della principale letteratura scientifica dedicata allo studio delle comete. Si conclude che, nei casi di elevata attività cometaria, un approccio basato sul modello di fluido continuo può essere ritenuto fisicamente adeguato per lo studio dei flussi gassosi nelle regioni più interne. Nel contesto della fluidodinamica computazionale, il metodo Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics ha recentemente acquisito popolarità, e oggi è utilizzato in diverse applicazioni ingegneristiche. Sviluppato in origine per risolvere problemi astrofisici, il metodo SPH è particolarmente adatto nello studio dei flussi supersonici e dell'interazione tra onde d'urto, fenomeni che caratterizzano gli strati più interni delle atmosfere cometarie. Viene quindi presentata una rassegna di alcuni dei principali software open-source basati sul metodo SPH per lo studio dei fluidi comprimibili inviscidi, e viene discussa la loro compatibilità con simulatori di sistemi multibody. Constata la mancanza di strumenti adeguati a perseguire l'idea originale, viene presentato un nuovo codice SPH implementato tramite CUDA. Sviluppato come modulo aggiuntivo della libreria multifisica open-source Project Chrono, il codice è finalizzato alla risoluzione delle equazioni di Eulero per fluidi comprimibili non viscosi. L'architettura del software è discussa in modo dettagliato, e sono presentati alcuni test per verificare le capacità del programma di simulare in modo fisicamente coerente le caratteristiche dei sistemi considerati.
Simulating fluid dynamics effects on small bodies using N-body codes
D'Uva, Andrea
2024/2025
Abstract
The availability of numerical solvers dedicated to the simulation of multibody systems subject to N-body gravitational interactions has significantly enriched the possibilities for studying complex astrophysical problems. Within this context, the present work aims at extending such capabilities to systems where fluid dynamics effects play a significant role, with particular focus on cometary atmospheres. Simulating these environments is a challenging task as it is not evident which model is appropriate to describe such a peculiar environment. In order to assess the feasibility of the original idea, a review of the main literature on cometary atmospheres is conducted. It is found that a fluid approach is often considered appropriate to describe the inner coma of highly active comets. At the same time, in recent years, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics has gained popularity in the context of computational fluid dynamics, and is now widely employed in several engineering applications. Originally designed for astrophysical problems, SPH is well suited for the study of shock interaction problems and supersonic compressible flows, which characterize the gas expansion in the first layers of cometary atmospheres. A summary of the main open-source SPH software packages is presented, with particular attention to codes that can deal with inviscid compressible fluids, and their coupling with multibody dynamics solvers is discussed. Since none of the available tools fully satisfies the initial objectives, a new CUDA-based SPH solver is proposed. Developed as an additional module for the open-source multiphysics library Project Chrono, the presented code aims at consistently solving the Euler Equations for compressible flows. Its architecture is explained in detail, and a set of test cases is analyzed in order to ensure it is capable of retaining the physical characteristics of the systems under consideration.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/253596