his thesis investigates the potential of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to improve urban outdoor environments, with a specific focus on mitigating air and noise pollution in contemporary cities. In a context increasingly marked by anthropogenic pressures, climate instability, and declining environmental quality, NBS offer multifunctional, systemic, and adaptive strategies capable of restoring ecological processes within densely built urban fabrics. The research collects, classifies, and compares a wide range of interventions—ranging from green infrastructures such as urban forests, vegetated corridors, sustainable drainage systems, green roofs, and living walls, to hybrid and “grey” solutions that integrate ecological performance into conventional urban structures. The study combines scientific evidence, international guidelines, and applied case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of different NBS typologies in reducing particulate matter, improving air filtration, attenuating environmental noise, and enhancing overall urban resilience. Particular attention is given to the metropolitan context of Milan, where high population density, mobility-related emissions, limited vegetation, and climatic vulnerabilities exacerbate environmental risks. By analysing local data, regulatory frameworks, and the objectives of the Piano Aria e Clima, the work identifies priority areas of intervention and explores how NBS can support Milan’s transition toward climate adaptation, environmental equity, and improved public health. The thesis ultimately positions Nature-Based Solutions not only as technical measures, but as a transformative design paradigm that reconnects natural and built systems, redefines the experience of urban space, and fosters more inclusive, healthy, and resilient cities. Through an operational and design-oriented approach, the research provides guidance for policy makers, planners, and practitioners seeking to integrate ecological intelligence into future urban development.
La tesi indaga il potenziale delle Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) nel migliorare la qualità degli spazi urbani all’aperto, con particolare attenzione alla mitigazione dell’inquinamento atmosferico e acustico nelle città contemporanee. In un contesto sempre più segnato da pressioni antropiche, instabilità climatica e degrado ambientale, le NBS rappresentano strategie multifunzionali, sistemiche e adattive, capaci di ripristinare processi ecologici all’interno di tessuti urbani fortemente edificati. La ricerca raccoglie, classifica e confronta un ampio ventaglio di interventi—dalle infrastrutture verdi come foreste urbane, corridoi vegetati, sistemi di drenaggio sostenibile, tetti verdi e pareti vegetali, fino a soluzioni ibride e “grigie” che integrano prestazioni ecologiche in strutture urbane convenzionali. Lo studio combina evidenze scientifiche, linee guida internazionali e casi applicativi per valutare l’efficacia delle diverse tipologie di NBS nella riduzione del particolato, nel miglioramento della filtrazione dell’aria, nell’attenuazione del rumore ambientale e nel rafforzamento della resilienza urbana. Particolare attenzione è rivolta al contesto metropolitano di Milano, dove densità abitativa, emissioni da mobilità, scarsa presenza vegetale e vulnerabilità climatiche amplificano i rischi ambientali. Attraverso l’analisi di dati locali, dei quadri normativi e degli obiettivi del Piano Aria e Clima, il lavoro individua aree prioritarie di intervento ed esplora come le NBS possano supportare la transizione di Milano verso l’adattamento climatico, l’equità ambientale e il miglioramento della salute pubblica. La tesi interpreta infine le Nature-Based Solutions non solo come misure tecniche, ma come un paradigma progettuale trasformativo, capace di riconnettere sistemi naturali e costruiti, ridefinire l’esperienza dello spazio urbano e promuovere città più inclusive, sane e resilienti. Attraverso un approccio operativo e orientato al progetto, la ricerca offre strumenti utili a decisori, pianificatori e professionisti chiamati a integrare intelligenza ecologica nei futuri processi di sviluppo urbano.
Nature based solutions to improve urban outdoors : nature as a mitigator for noise and air pollution
Ratti, Filippo
2024/2025
Abstract
his thesis investigates the potential of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to improve urban outdoor environments, with a specific focus on mitigating air and noise pollution in contemporary cities. In a context increasingly marked by anthropogenic pressures, climate instability, and declining environmental quality, NBS offer multifunctional, systemic, and adaptive strategies capable of restoring ecological processes within densely built urban fabrics. The research collects, classifies, and compares a wide range of interventions—ranging from green infrastructures such as urban forests, vegetated corridors, sustainable drainage systems, green roofs, and living walls, to hybrid and “grey” solutions that integrate ecological performance into conventional urban structures. The study combines scientific evidence, international guidelines, and applied case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of different NBS typologies in reducing particulate matter, improving air filtration, attenuating environmental noise, and enhancing overall urban resilience. Particular attention is given to the metropolitan context of Milan, where high population density, mobility-related emissions, limited vegetation, and climatic vulnerabilities exacerbate environmental risks. By analysing local data, regulatory frameworks, and the objectives of the Piano Aria e Clima, the work identifies priority areas of intervention and explores how NBS can support Milan’s transition toward climate adaptation, environmental equity, and improved public health. The thesis ultimately positions Nature-Based Solutions not only as technical measures, but as a transformative design paradigm that reconnects natural and built systems, redefines the experience of urban space, and fosters more inclusive, healthy, and resilient cities. Through an operational and design-oriented approach, the research provides guidance for policy makers, planners, and practitioners seeking to integrate ecological intelligence into future urban development.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Ratti.pdf
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Descrizione: Thesis
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/253720