This dissertation investigates Living Interaction Design (LID) as an emerging design practice that integrates living organisms into interactive systems as core, active components. While adjacent fields such as biodesign, biomimicry, and Bio-HCI have significantly advanced the integration of biological matter into design, each offering valuable material, speculative, or computational perspectives, LID seeks to complement these approaches by foregrounding the relational, ecological, and temporal dimensions of interactions with living systems. Rather than proposing an alternative to existing frameworks, this research responds to areas that remain less developed, especially those concerning long-term coexistence, reciprocal forms of interaction, and the open-ended nature of working with organisms whose behaviours and rhythms cannot be entirely predetermined. The central aim of this research is to provide conceptual clarity, early-stage methodological resources, and infrastructural propositions for a domain that is rapidly expanding yet still fragmented, with many projects remaining speculative, isolated, or lacking shared operational tools. Three guiding concepts: temporality, reciprocal interaction, and open-endedness, serve as a unifying thread across the three pillars of the study: Products, Tools, and Spaces. The first pillar concerns the definition Products also named Designed Interactive Living Systems (DILS), derived from the analysis of case studies and from the development of an organism database that translates biological knowledge into design-relevant information, including affordances, environmental requirements, and ethical considerations. The second pillar analyzes the tools introducing the Bio-UX toolkit, a set of six integrated maps complemented by Organism and Case Study Cards. The third pillar addresses enabling spaces and infrastructures: alongside the early development of a physical Biolab at Politecnico di Milano, the dissertation proposes a digital platform that consolidates the database and tools presented into an accessible, distributed environment intended to support future research, education, and collaborative experimentation. The dissertation makes three main contributions: (1) it provides a conceptual and operational definition of Living Interaction Design and the category of Designed Interactive Living Systems (DILS); (2) it develops methodological and pedagogical resources that offer conceptual and speculative support, while indicating pathways for future application, for designing interactions with living systems; and (3) it proposes both physical and digital infrastructures that hold the potential to make this emerging practice more accessible and applicable over time. By framing living organisms as active participants rather than passive materials, the research consolidates Living Interaction Design as a coherent perspective and lays the groundwork for designers to engage more responsibly and creatively with living systems.
Questa tesi indaga il Living Interaction Design (LID) come pratica progettuale emergente che integra organismi viventi all’interno di sistemi interattivi come componenti attivi e centrali. Sebbene ambiti affini come il biodesign, la biomimetica e la Bio-HCI abbiano significativamente avanzato l’integrazione della materia biologica nel design, offrendo ciascuno prospettive materiali, speculative o computazionali, la LID mira a completare questi approcci mettendo in primo piano le dimensioni relazionali, ecologiche e temporali dell’interazione con i sistemi viventi. Piuttosto che proporsi come alternativa ai framework esistenti, questa ricerca risponde a quegli aspetti che risultano ancora poco sviluppati, in particolare quelli relativi alla coesistenza a lungo termine, alle forme di interazione reciproca e alla natura non completamente prevedibile del lavoro con organismi i cui comportamenti e ritmi non possono essere integralmente determinati. L’obiettivo centrale di questo lavoro è fornire chiarezza concettuale, risorse metodologiche per le fasi iniziali del progetto e proposte infrastrutturali per un ambito in rapida espansione ma ancora frammentato, in cui molti progetti rimangono speculativi, isolati o privi di strumenti operativi condivisi. Tre concetti guida, temporalità, interazione reciproca e cura, fungono da filo conduttore attraverso i tre pilastri della ricerca: Prodotti, Strumenti e Spazi. Il primo pilastro riguarda i Prodotti, definiti come Designed Interactive Living Systems (DILS), derivati dall’analisi di casi studio e dallo sviluppo di un database di organismi che traduce conoscenze biologiche in informazioni rilevanti per il design, tra cui affordance, requisiti ambientali e considerazioni etiche. Il secondo pilastro analizza gli Strumenti presentando il Bio-UX Toolkit, un insieme di sei mappe accompagnate da Organism Cards e Case Study Cards. Il terzo pilastro riguarda gli Spazi e le infrastrutture abilitanti: accanto allo sviluppo preliminare di un Biolab fisico presso il Politecnico di Milano, la tesi propone una piattaforma digitale che consolidi il database e gli strumenti presentati in un ambiente distribuito e accessibile, pensato per supportare la ricerca, la didattica e la sperimentazione collaborativa future. La tesi offre tre contributi principali: (1) fornisce una definizione concettuale e operativa della Living Interaction Design e della categoria dei Designed Interactive Living Systems (DILS); (2) sviluppa risorse metodologiche e pedagogiche che offrono supporto concettuale e speculativo, indicando al tempo stesso traiettorie di futura applicazione per progettare interazioni con sistemi viventi; e (3) propone infrastrutture fisiche e digitali capaci di rendere questa pratica emergente più accessibile e applicabile nel tempo. Considerando gli organismi viventi come partecipanti attivi anziché come materiali passivi, la ricerca consolida la Living Interaction Design come pratica coerente e getta le basi affinché designer e ricercatori possano progettare con i sistemi viventi in modo più consapevole e creativo.
Living interaction design : an emerging practice for a regenerative future: products, tools and spaces
Albergati, Elena
2025/2026
Abstract
This dissertation investigates Living Interaction Design (LID) as an emerging design practice that integrates living organisms into interactive systems as core, active components. While adjacent fields such as biodesign, biomimicry, and Bio-HCI have significantly advanced the integration of biological matter into design, each offering valuable material, speculative, or computational perspectives, LID seeks to complement these approaches by foregrounding the relational, ecological, and temporal dimensions of interactions with living systems. Rather than proposing an alternative to existing frameworks, this research responds to areas that remain less developed, especially those concerning long-term coexistence, reciprocal forms of interaction, and the open-ended nature of working with organisms whose behaviours and rhythms cannot be entirely predetermined. The central aim of this research is to provide conceptual clarity, early-stage methodological resources, and infrastructural propositions for a domain that is rapidly expanding yet still fragmented, with many projects remaining speculative, isolated, or lacking shared operational tools. Three guiding concepts: temporality, reciprocal interaction, and open-endedness, serve as a unifying thread across the three pillars of the study: Products, Tools, and Spaces. The first pillar concerns the definition Products also named Designed Interactive Living Systems (DILS), derived from the analysis of case studies and from the development of an organism database that translates biological knowledge into design-relevant information, including affordances, environmental requirements, and ethical considerations. The second pillar analyzes the tools introducing the Bio-UX toolkit, a set of six integrated maps complemented by Organism and Case Study Cards. The third pillar addresses enabling spaces and infrastructures: alongside the early development of a physical Biolab at Politecnico di Milano, the dissertation proposes a digital platform that consolidates the database and tools presented into an accessible, distributed environment intended to support future research, education, and collaborative experimentation. The dissertation makes three main contributions: (1) it provides a conceptual and operational definition of Living Interaction Design and the category of Designed Interactive Living Systems (DILS); (2) it develops methodological and pedagogical resources that offer conceptual and speculative support, while indicating pathways for future application, for designing interactions with living systems; and (3) it proposes both physical and digital infrastructures that hold the potential to make this emerging practice more accessible and applicable over time. By framing living organisms as active participants rather than passive materials, the research consolidates Living Interaction Design as a coherent perspective and lays the groundwork for designers to engage more responsibly and creatively with living systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/254217