Growing environmental pressure and recent European policies are pushing manufacturing companies towards more sustainable and circular models of production and consumption. Among these, the household appliance sector—characterised by high material and energy use and short product life cycles—represents a critical area for intervention. Directives such as the Circular Economy Action Plan and the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) promote a transition from the traditional linear economic model towards products that are durable, repairable, efficient, and traceable. In this scenario, design assumes a strategic role by integrating circular design principles from the early stages of the New Product Development (NPD) process and guiding more responsible choices; however, knowledge and tools in this domain remain fragmented and insufficiently structured. Using a multi-method qualitative approach, the study combines a systematic literature review, empirical research, and industrial validation. The first phase, conducted at the De'Longhi Group, enabled an in-depth analysis of the product development process and the degree of sustainability integration. Through 56 interviews, direct observations, and co-design workshops, the research identified cultural, organisational, economic, technical, and regulatory barriers, as well as opportunities to strengthen cross-functional collaboration and the role of design as a facilitator of circular practices. Building on these insights, the second phase led to the development of a customisable framework, conceived as an adaptable model to support companies in embedding circular design principles from the early stages of NPD. The framework systematises and maps existing circular design tools according to multiple criteria—such as objectives, formats, application phases and team involvement—within a structure aligned with industrial processes (e.g., Stage-Gate and Double Diamond models). It is operationalised through a Digital Toolset, the Circular Design Toolset, which serves as a digital and interactive repository implemented on the Notion platform. The toolset provides access to a collection of 77 circular design tools, enabling NPD teams to filter, explore, and select them based on their specific needs, while also serving as a decision support and learning platform that fosters a shared culture of circularity. The framework and toolset were validated with experts from two Dutch companies and further customised for the De'Longhi Group, through engagement with senior managers from the Innovation, Design, and Management teams, to ensure alignment with the Group NPD process, business objectives, and internal dynamics. The thesis, therefore, makes both theoretical and practical contributions to sustainable design, specifically circular design, by demonstrating how design can act as a strategic lever for systemic change, bridging research and industrial practice in the transition towards more circular and responsible household appliances.
Le crescenti pressioni ambientali e le recenti politiche europee stanno spingendo le aziende manifatturiere verso modelli di produzione e consumo più sostenibili e circolari. Tra questi settori, quello degli elettrodomestici — caratterizzato da elevato utilizzo di materiali ed energia e da cicli di vita relativamente brevi dei prodotti — rappresenta un ambito particolarmente critico di intervento. Direttive quali il Circular Economy Action Plan e il Regolamento Ecodesign for Sustainable Products (ESPR) promuovono la transizione dal tradizionale modello economico lineare verso prodotti durevoli, riparabili, efficienti e tracciabili. In questo scenario, il design assume un ruolo strategico, integrando i principi del design circolare sin dalle prime fasi del processo di New Product Development (NPD) e orientando scelte più responsabili; tuttavia, conoscenze e strumenti in questo ambito risultano ancora frammentati e insufficientemente strutturati. Attraverso un approccio qualitativo multi-metodo, lo studio combina una revisione sistematica della letteratura, una ricerca empirica e una fase di validazione industriale. La prima fase, condotta presso il Gruppo De’Longhi, ha consentito un’analisi approfondita del processo di sviluppo prodotto e del grado di integrazione della sostenibilità. Attraverso 56 interviste, osservazioni dirette e workshop di co-design, la ricerca ha identificato barriere di natura culturale, organizzativa, economica, tecnica e normativa, nonché opportunità per rafforzare la collaborazione cross-funzionale e il ruolo del design come facilitatore di pratiche circolari. Sulla base di questi risultati, la seconda fase ha portato allo sviluppo di un framework personalizzabile, concepito come modello adattabile per supportare le aziende nell’integrazione dei principi del design circolare sin dalle fasi iniziali del NPD. Il framework sistematizza e mappa gli strumenti esistenti di design circolare secondo diversi criteri — quali obiettivi, formati, fasi di applicazione e team coinvolti — all’interno di una struttura allineata ai processi industriali (ad esempio i modelli Stage-Gate e Double Diamond). Il modello è reso operativo attraverso un Toolset digitale, il Circular Design Toolset, configurato come repository interattivo implementato sulla piattaforma Notion. Il toolset offre accesso a una raccolta di 77 strumenti di design circolare, consentendo ai team NPD di filtrarli, esplorarli e selezionarli in base alle specifiche esigenze progettuali. Al contempo, funge da piattaforma di supporto decisionale e apprendimento organizzativo, favorendo la costruzione di una cultura condivisa della circolarità. Il framework e il toolset sono stati validati con esperti di due aziende olandesi e successivamente personalizzati per il Gruppo De’Longhi, attraverso il coinvolgimento di senior manager dei team Innovation, Design e Management, al fine di garantire l’allineamento con il processo NPD del Gruppo, gli obiettivi di business e le dinamiche organizzative interne. La tesi fornisce dunque contributi sia teorici sia pratici al design sostenibile, con particolare riferimento al design circolare, dimostrando come il design possa agire come leva strategica per il cambiamento sistemico, ponendosi come ponte tra ricerca e pratica industriale nella transizione verso elettrodomestici più circolari e responsabili.
Integrating circular design innovation in the new product development process: a customisable framework and digital toolset for home appliance companies
Rotondo, Benedetta
2025/2026
Abstract
Growing environmental pressure and recent European policies are pushing manufacturing companies towards more sustainable and circular models of production and consumption. Among these, the household appliance sector—characterised by high material and energy use and short product life cycles—represents a critical area for intervention. Directives such as the Circular Economy Action Plan and the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) promote a transition from the traditional linear economic model towards products that are durable, repairable, efficient, and traceable. In this scenario, design assumes a strategic role by integrating circular design principles from the early stages of the New Product Development (NPD) process and guiding more responsible choices; however, knowledge and tools in this domain remain fragmented and insufficiently structured. Using a multi-method qualitative approach, the study combines a systematic literature review, empirical research, and industrial validation. The first phase, conducted at the De'Longhi Group, enabled an in-depth analysis of the product development process and the degree of sustainability integration. Through 56 interviews, direct observations, and co-design workshops, the research identified cultural, organisational, economic, technical, and regulatory barriers, as well as opportunities to strengthen cross-functional collaboration and the role of design as a facilitator of circular practices. Building on these insights, the second phase led to the development of a customisable framework, conceived as an adaptable model to support companies in embedding circular design principles from the early stages of NPD. The framework systematises and maps existing circular design tools according to multiple criteria—such as objectives, formats, application phases and team involvement—within a structure aligned with industrial processes (e.g., Stage-Gate and Double Diamond models). It is operationalised through a Digital Toolset, the Circular Design Toolset, which serves as a digital and interactive repository implemented on the Notion platform. The toolset provides access to a collection of 77 circular design tools, enabling NPD teams to filter, explore, and select them based on their specific needs, while also serving as a decision support and learning platform that fosters a shared culture of circularity. The framework and toolset were validated with experts from two Dutch companies and further customised for the De'Longhi Group, through engagement with senior managers from the Innovation, Design, and Management teams, to ensure alignment with the Group NPD process, business objectives, and internal dynamics. The thesis, therefore, makes both theoretical and practical contributions to sustainable design, specifically circular design, by demonstrating how design can act as a strategic lever for systemic change, bridging research and industrial practice in the transition towards more circular and responsible household appliances.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Integrating Circular Design Innovation in the New Product Development Process: A Customisable Framework and Digital Toolset for Home Appliance Companies
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/254238