Satellites represent critical assets supporting communications, navigation, Earth observation, and security. As their complexity increases, so does their exposure to natural space weather disturbances and cybersecurity threats. Existing simulation tools typically address these domains separately, limiting the ability to analyse how environmental and cyber-induced effects propagate across satellite subsystems. This thesis introduces the Satellite Environment and Subsystems Simulator (SENSUS), a modular multi-physical satellite simulation framework developed to model subsystems within a representative orbital and environmental context, and extended to integrate the effects of natural and cyber threats on the system. Imple mented in MATLAB and Simulink, the model grants the possibility to assess how space weather disturbances and cybersecurity events can affect satellite dynamics and subsystems functionalities. The work demonstrates the applications of the framework to two representative scenarios. First, the model is used to reproduce the effects of a historical geomagnetic storm, to analyse the modification triggered by space weather actors. To assess the functionalities related to cybersecurity, a simplified version of the satellite simulator is integrated within BV Tech’s cyber range, in the context of the ASI-funded SOCRATE project. This exercise yields the possibility of linking the spacecraft model with emulated ground and network components, to enable the possibility of performing cyber-physical simulations. In summary, this thesis documents the development of an integrated, multi physics simulation environment that combines space engineering, space weather modelling, and cybersecurity analysis. By bridging the three domains within a single framework, SENSUS provides a basis for system-level analysis and future developments in digital twins and cyber-physical mission support tools.
I satelliti rappresentano risorse critiche a supporto delle comunicazioni, della navigazione, dell’osservazione della Terra e della sicurezza. Con l’aumento della loro complessità, cresce anche l’esposizione a disturbi naturali legati al meteo spaziale e a minacce di tipo cyber. Gli strumenti di simulazione esistenti affrontano generalmente questi ambiti in modo separato, limitando la capacità di analizzare come gli effetti ambientali e quelli indotti da attacchi informatici si propaghino attraverso i sottosistemi di un satellite. Questa tesi introduce SENSUS (Satellite Environment and Subsystems Simulator), un framework di simulazione satellitare multi-fisico e modulare sviluppato per modellare i sottosistemi di un satellite all’interno di un contesto orbitale e ambientale rappresentativo, ed esteso per integrare gli effetti di minacce naturali e cyber sul sistema. Implementato in MATLAB e Simulink, il modello consente di valutare come disturbi di meteo spaziale ed eventi di cybersecurity possano in fluenzare la dinamica del satellite e il funzionamento dei suoi sottosistemi. Il lavoro dimostra l’applicazione del framework in due scenari rappresentativi. In primo luogo, il modello viene utilizzato per riprodurre gli effetti di una tempesta geomagnetica storica, analizzando le modifiche indotte dagli agenti di meteo spaziale. Per valutare le funzionalità legate alla cybersecurity, una versione semplificata del simulatore satellitare viene integrata nel cyber range di BV Tech, nell’ambito del progetto SOCRATE finanziato dall’ASI. Questo esercizio consente di collegare il modello del satellite con componenti di rete e di segmento di terra emulati, rendendo possibile l’esecuzione di simulazioni cyber-fisiche. In sintesi, questa tesi documenta lo sviluppo di un ambiente di simulazione integrato e multi-fisico che combina ingegneria spaziale, modellazione del meteo spaziale e cybersicurezza. Unendo questi tre domini all’interno di un unico ambiente, SENSUS fornisce una base per analisi di sistema e per futuri sviluppi di digital twin e strumenti di supporto alle missioni cyber-fisiche.
Multi-physical simulation of satellites with space weather and cybersecurity interactions
Balossi, Claudia
2025/2026
Abstract
Satellites represent critical assets supporting communications, navigation, Earth observation, and security. As their complexity increases, so does their exposure to natural space weather disturbances and cybersecurity threats. Existing simulation tools typically address these domains separately, limiting the ability to analyse how environmental and cyber-induced effects propagate across satellite subsystems. This thesis introduces the Satellite Environment and Subsystems Simulator (SENSUS), a modular multi-physical satellite simulation framework developed to model subsystems within a representative orbital and environmental context, and extended to integrate the effects of natural and cyber threats on the system. Imple mented in MATLAB and Simulink, the model grants the possibility to assess how space weather disturbances and cybersecurity events can affect satellite dynamics and subsystems functionalities. The work demonstrates the applications of the framework to two representative scenarios. First, the model is used to reproduce the effects of a historical geomagnetic storm, to analyse the modification triggered by space weather actors. To assess the functionalities related to cybersecurity, a simplified version of the satellite simulator is integrated within BV Tech’s cyber range, in the context of the ASI-funded SOCRATE project. This exercise yields the possibility of linking the spacecraft model with emulated ground and network components, to enable the possibility of performing cyber-physical simulations. In summary, this thesis documents the development of an integrated, multi physics simulation environment that combines space engineering, space weather modelling, and cybersecurity analysis. By bridging the three domains within a single framework, SENSUS provides a basis for system-level analysis and future developments in digital twins and cyber-physical mission support tools.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2026_3_Balossi.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: PhD_Thesis_CBalossi
Dimensione
40.86 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
40.86 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/254777