In the contemporary scenario, the theme of housing has returned to the centre of design debates as a catalyst for rights, from the right to housing to the right to the city. While in the past this was an issue deeply rooted within the discipline, today we are faced with an explosion and fragmentation of the theme, permeated by other concerns: ecological, social, economic and political. It is, therefore, not just a question of reorienting political choices and cultural models, but of re-conceptualising the theme of housing, starting from a questioning of traditional typologies. The central question, however, is whether and how these experimental prototypes of living have the capacity to construct a typological reflection linked to gender equality, care and women’s empowerment as design paradigms. The research builds a theoretical and design reflection within the broader context of social, gender, and spatial inequalities, which are rising in both urban and rural contexts. Specifically, the thesis recognises the existence of a crisis of care which couples the environmental one, becoming a catalyst for gender discrimination. It exacerbates existing disparities in caregiving responsibilities, perpetuates gendered norms, and reinforces structural inequalities within cities, which emerge by, in and through design. Starting from the definition of a theoretical framework, supported by the collection and analysis of a series of case studies within the Western context, the thesis considers gender inequalities as a design challenge that architecture must confront. The driving question is: What does gender inequality do to architecture? And, vice versa: what can architecture do to reverse gender inequalities? This ultimately leads to a reflection on how the notion of gender informs the morphology of the built environment, and which tools, processes, and methods could help define a methodological approach to design for care and gender equality. In this sense, the research proposes a reflection on the design of collective housing conceived as catalysers of caring and democratic practices. These forms of collective living go beyond the traditional notion of housing, permeating the space between building and context with the intention of making common space. The research assumes the need to consider in a systemic and cross-cutting way the issue of how gender influences not only the perception of space (the perception of safety, appropriateness, etc.) and how a space is used (different activities, different patterns of use, etc.) but also how it influences, in a more subtle way, the symbolic aspect (spatial hierarchies, hidden care spaces and activities, standardised dimensional aspects referring to a universal user etc.) and how all this affects the morphological and material element of the design. The outcome - a matrix of space-themes - becomes a methodological tool which serves as a synthetic device to orient the architectural and spatial project. Starting from the analysis of a series of case studies, the research identifies a set of possible design actions that can be implemented and can foster gender equality, care and women’s empowerment both in the process and the outcome of an architectural project at the intermediate scale, working at the crossroads of tangible and intangible aspects. The matrix intersects spatial categories (Spaces of Domestic Ritual, Spaces of Radical Care, Spaces of Autonomy) and thematic dimensions (Hardware, Software, Symbol, Perception) to decode how feminist principles are embedded in architectural choices. These transform the typological exercise into a process of action-research, where each diagram serves both as an operational tool and a lens of investigation. The research believes that cultural change, linked to gender equality and forms of shared care, can only be pursued and achieved through spatial change and changes in design methods. The project’s return to a political dimension renews its poetics, where instances external to the discipline expand the boundaries, reshaping them.
Nello scenario contemporaneo, il tema dell'abitare è tornato al centro dei dibattiti progettuali come catalizzatore di diritti, dal diritto alla casa al diritto alla città. Se in passato si trattava di una questione profondamente radicata nella disciplina, oggi ci troviamo di fronte a un'esplosione e frammentazione del tema, permeato da altre preoccupazioni: ecologiche, sociali, economiche e politiche. Non si tratta, quindi, solo di riorientare le scelte politiche e i modelli culturali, ma di riconcettualizzare il tema dell'abitare, partendo da una messa in discussione delle tipologie tradizionali. La questione centrale è se e in quale misura questi prototipi sperimentali di abitare abbiano la capacità di costruire una riflessione tipologica legata all'uguaglianza di genere, alla cura e all'empowerment femminile come paradigmi progettuali. La ricerca costruisce una riflessione teorica e progettuale all'interno del più ampio contesto delle disuguaglianze sociali, di genere e spaziali, che sono in crescita sia nei contesti urbani che rurali. Nello specifico, la tesi riconosce l'esistenza di una crisi della cura che si affianca a quella ambientale, diventando un catalizzatore delle discriminazioni di genere. Essa intensifica le disparità esistenti nelle responsabilità di cura, perpetua le norme di genere e rafforza le disuguaglianze strutturali all'interno delle città, che emergono attraverso, nel e mediante il progetto. Partendo dalla definizione di un quadro teorico, supportato dalla raccolta e dall'analisi di una serie di casi studio nel contesto occidentale, la tesi considera le disuguaglianze di genere come una sfida progettuale che l'architettura deve affrontare. La domanda guida della ricerca è: Cosa provocano le disuguaglianze di genere all'architettura? E, viceversa: cosa può fare l'architettura per ridurre le disuguaglianze di genere? Questo apre a una riflessione su come la nozione di genere informi la morfologia dell'ambiente costruito, e su quali strumenti, processi e metodi possano contribuire a definire un approccio progettuale orientato alla cura e all'uguaglianza di genere. In questa direzione, la ricerca indaga la progettazione dell'abitazione collettiva come catalizzatore di pratiche di cura e democratiche. Queste forme di vita collettiva vanno oltre la nozione tradizionale di abitare, permeando lo spazio tra edificio e contesto con l'intenzione di creare spazio comune. La ricerca assume la necessità di considerare in modo sistemico e trasversale la questione di come il genere influenzi non solo la percezione dello spazio (la percezione della sicurezza, dell'adeguatezza, ecc.) e il modo in cui uno spazio viene utilizzato (diverse attività, diversi modelli d'uso, ecc.), ma anche come influenzi, in modo più sottile, l'aspetto simbolico (gerarchie spaziali, spazi e attività di cura nascosti, aspetti dimensionali standardizzati che fanno riferimento a un utente universale, ecc.) e come tutto ciò incida sull'elemento morfologico e materiale del progetto. L'esito — una matrice di spazi-temi — diventa uno strumento metodologico che funge da dispositivo sintetico per orientare il progetto architettonico e spaziale. Partendo dall'analisi di una serie di casi studio, la ricerca identifica un insieme di possibili azioni progettuali che possono essere implementate e che possono favorire l'uguaglianza di genere, la cura e l'empowerment femminile sia nel processo che nell'esito di un progetto architettonico alla scala intermedia, lavorando all'incrocio tra aspetti tangibili e intangibili. La matrice interseca categorie spaziali (Spazi del Rituale Domestico, Spazi della Cura Radicale, Spazi dell'Autonomia) e dimensioni tematiche (Hardware, Software, Simbolo, Percezione) per decodificare come i principi femministi siano incorporati nelle scelte architettoniche. Questi trasformano l'esercizio tipologico in un processo di ricerca-azione, in cui ogni diagramma funge sia da strumento operativo che da lente di indagine. La ricerca ritiene che il cambiamento culturale, legato all'uguaglianza di genere e alle forme di cura condivisa, possa essere perseguito e raggiunto solo attraverso il cambiamento spaziale e i cambiamenti nei metodi progettuali. Il ritorno del progetto a una dimensione politica rinnova la sua poetica, dove istanze esterne alla disciplina ne espandono i confini, ridefinendoli.
Spaces of care and equality : a feminist design reflection between morphology and process in collective housing
Scaioli, Arianna Luisa Nicoletta
2025/2026
Abstract
In the contemporary scenario, the theme of housing has returned to the centre of design debates as a catalyst for rights, from the right to housing to the right to the city. While in the past this was an issue deeply rooted within the discipline, today we are faced with an explosion and fragmentation of the theme, permeated by other concerns: ecological, social, economic and political. It is, therefore, not just a question of reorienting political choices and cultural models, but of re-conceptualising the theme of housing, starting from a questioning of traditional typologies. The central question, however, is whether and how these experimental prototypes of living have the capacity to construct a typological reflection linked to gender equality, care and women’s empowerment as design paradigms. The research builds a theoretical and design reflection within the broader context of social, gender, and spatial inequalities, which are rising in both urban and rural contexts. Specifically, the thesis recognises the existence of a crisis of care which couples the environmental one, becoming a catalyst for gender discrimination. It exacerbates existing disparities in caregiving responsibilities, perpetuates gendered norms, and reinforces structural inequalities within cities, which emerge by, in and through design. Starting from the definition of a theoretical framework, supported by the collection and analysis of a series of case studies within the Western context, the thesis considers gender inequalities as a design challenge that architecture must confront. The driving question is: What does gender inequality do to architecture? And, vice versa: what can architecture do to reverse gender inequalities? This ultimately leads to a reflection on how the notion of gender informs the morphology of the built environment, and which tools, processes, and methods could help define a methodological approach to design for care and gender equality. In this sense, the research proposes a reflection on the design of collective housing conceived as catalysers of caring and democratic practices. These forms of collective living go beyond the traditional notion of housing, permeating the space between building and context with the intention of making common space. The research assumes the need to consider in a systemic and cross-cutting way the issue of how gender influences not only the perception of space (the perception of safety, appropriateness, etc.) and how a space is used (different activities, different patterns of use, etc.) but also how it influences, in a more subtle way, the symbolic aspect (spatial hierarchies, hidden care spaces and activities, standardised dimensional aspects referring to a universal user etc.) and how all this affects the morphological and material element of the design. The outcome - a matrix of space-themes - becomes a methodological tool which serves as a synthetic device to orient the architectural and spatial project. Starting from the analysis of a series of case studies, the research identifies a set of possible design actions that can be implemented and can foster gender equality, care and women’s empowerment both in the process and the outcome of an architectural project at the intermediate scale, working at the crossroads of tangible and intangible aspects. The matrix intersects spatial categories (Spaces of Domestic Ritual, Spaces of Radical Care, Spaces of Autonomy) and thematic dimensions (Hardware, Software, Symbol, Perception) to decode how feminist principles are embedded in architectural choices. These transform the typological exercise into a process of action-research, where each diagram serves both as an operational tool and a lens of investigation. The research believes that cultural change, linked to gender equality and forms of shared care, can only be pursued and achieved through spatial change and changes in design methods. The project’s return to a political dimension renews its poetics, where instances external to the discipline expand the boundaries, reshaping them.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/256097