This thesis project investigates secondary aluminium-silicon (Al-Si) alloys for the production of braking system components by permanent mould gravity casting. Specifically, the focus is put on the study of the effect of impurity elements on the processability and material properties of interest for this application. Because of the recycling process, secondary Al-Si alloys are characterized by the presence of relevant contents of impurity elements, e.g., Fe, Mn and Cr. Due to their limited solubility in the solid Al matrix, impurity elements form intermetallic precipitates. These intermetallic precipitates have a brittle nature and are known to negatively affect the ductility of cast Al-Si alloys. Moreover, several studies demonstrated an inverse correlation between impurity elements content and quality of cast parts. Nevertheless, their impact on other important aspects, such as fatigue performance and corrosion resistance, are scarcely investigated in literature. In this context, the work proposes a detailed investigation of specifically selected secondary Al-Si alloys with a focus on the final product requirements. Therefore, tensile and high-cycle fatigue (HCF) test are performed together with electrochemical measurements before and after anodizing on both ad-hoc cast samples and samples obtained from cast components. In this way, the critical role of different contents of impurity elements is systematically assessed, revealing their impact on different aspects of the casting process, on mechanical properties and on corrosion resistance. As an example, different relative ratios among the present impurity elements are shown to modulate different properties, such as the corrosion resistance after anodizing. Moreover, impurity elements-rich intermetallic precipitates are demonstrated to specifically affect the mechanical properties in the case of high-quality cast specimens, i.e., limited content of casting defects. Finally, the interplay between casting and anodizing on the mechanical performance of cast Al-Si alloys is disclose, revealing the modulating effect of the anodic layer on the fatigue and corrosion behaviour of this class of materials. Thanks to the comprehensive experimental work that has been performed, practical guidelines for the use of recycled Al-Si alloys are defined, paving the way for their implementation to produce real industrial products.
Questo progetto di tesi investiga leghe secondarie di alluminio-silicio (Al-Si) al fine di produrre componenti del sistema frenante tramite colata per gravità in conchiglia. Nello specifico, il fulcro è posto sullo studio dell’effetto delle impurezze, sulla processabilità e sulle proprietà del materiale di interesse per tale applicazione. Dato il processo di riciclaggio, le leghe secondarie Al-Si sono caratterizzate dalla presenza di contenuti rilevanti di impurezze, come Fe, Mn e Cr. A causa della loro limitata solubilità nella matrice solida d’alluminio, le impurezze formano precipitati intermetallici. Tali precipitati intermetallici hanno una natura fragile e sono noti per influenzare negativamente la duttilità delle leghe Al-Si da fusione. Inoltre, molteplici studi dimostrano una correlazione inversa tra impurezze e qualità dei getti. Tuttavia, il loro impatto su altri importanti aspetti, quali le prestazioni a fatica e la resistenza a corrosione, sono scarsamente investigati in letteratura. In questo contesto, il lavoro propone un’investigazione dettagliata di leghe Al-Si specificatamente selezionate e focalizzata sui requisiti del prodotto finale. Pertanto, prove di trazione e di fatica ad alto numero di cicli (HCF) sono svolte assieme a misure elettrochimiche prima e dopo anodizzazione, sia su provini colati a parte, sia su provini ottenuti da dissezione di componente. In questo modo, il ruolo critico delle impurezze è valutato in modo sistemico, rivelando il loro impatto su diversi aspetti del processo fusorio, sulle proprietà meccaniche e sulla resistenza a corrosione. Ad esempio, si mostra che diversi rapporti relativi tra i contenuti delle impurezze presenti modulano diverse proprietà, come la resistenza a corrosione dopo anodizzazione. Inoltre, si dimostra che i precipitati intermetallici ricchi in impurezze influenzano le proprietà meccaniche specificatamente nel caso di provini di elevata qualità fusorio, cioè con limitato contenuto di difetti fusori. Infine, l’interazione tra processo fusorio e anodizzazione sulle proprietà meccaniche delle leghe da fusione Al-Si è svelata, rivelando l’effetto modulante dello strato anodico sul comportamento a fatica e a corrosione di questa classe di materiali. Grazie all’ esaustivo lavoro sperimentale svolto, linee guida pratiche per l’uso di leghe riciclate da fusione Al-Si sono redatte, aprendo la strada al loro utilizzo per la produzione di prodotti industriali reali.
Investigation of secondary, cast aluminium-silicon alloys for braking systems
Pavesi, Arianna
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis project investigates secondary aluminium-silicon (Al-Si) alloys for the production of braking system components by permanent mould gravity casting. Specifically, the focus is put on the study of the effect of impurity elements on the processability and material properties of interest for this application. Because of the recycling process, secondary Al-Si alloys are characterized by the presence of relevant contents of impurity elements, e.g., Fe, Mn and Cr. Due to their limited solubility in the solid Al matrix, impurity elements form intermetallic precipitates. These intermetallic precipitates have a brittle nature and are known to negatively affect the ductility of cast Al-Si alloys. Moreover, several studies demonstrated an inverse correlation between impurity elements content and quality of cast parts. Nevertheless, their impact on other important aspects, such as fatigue performance and corrosion resistance, are scarcely investigated in literature. In this context, the work proposes a detailed investigation of specifically selected secondary Al-Si alloys with a focus on the final product requirements. Therefore, tensile and high-cycle fatigue (HCF) test are performed together with electrochemical measurements before and after anodizing on both ad-hoc cast samples and samples obtained from cast components. In this way, the critical role of different contents of impurity elements is systematically assessed, revealing their impact on different aspects of the casting process, on mechanical properties and on corrosion resistance. As an example, different relative ratios among the present impurity elements are shown to modulate different properties, such as the corrosion resistance after anodizing. Moreover, impurity elements-rich intermetallic precipitates are demonstrated to specifically affect the mechanical properties in the case of high-quality cast specimens, i.e., limited content of casting defects. Finally, the interplay between casting and anodizing on the mechanical performance of cast Al-Si alloys is disclose, revealing the modulating effect of the anodic layer on the fatigue and corrosion behaviour of this class of materials. Thanks to the comprehensive experimental work that has been performed, practical guidelines for the use of recycled Al-Si alloys are defined, paving the way for their implementation to produce real industrial products.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/256177