The following thesis work stems from an internship carried out at HPC Italia and describes the implementation of a Biosparging pilot test and hydrogeological investigations aimed at assessing the applicability of the selected remediation technologies and optimizing the proposed full-scale design in an agricultural area in Lombardy, where soils and groundwater are affected by hydrocarbon contamination and the presence of Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs). The site lithology mainly consists of shallow silty-sandy horizons overlying sandy-gravelly layers. The aquifer is unconfined (phreatic) and exhibits a predominant south-east/east flow direction, with groundwater depth ranging from 1 to 9.5 m below ground level (b.g.l.) throughout the year. To manage site contamination, an initial remediation phase involved the implementation of a Pump & Treat system and the injection of desorbing/oxidizing reagents for groundwater treatment, together with a Bioventing system for the remediation of unsaturated soils. Subsequently, to enhance decontamination efficiency, the implementation of Biosparging and Soil Flushing systems (through the injection of surfactant reagents) was selected for the treatment of the saturated zone. The Biosparging pilot test was conducted to verify the effective oxygenation of groundwater and, consequently, the site-specific applicability of the technology, as well as to define its main design parameters. Hydrogeological tests were performed to further characterize the aquifer in preparation for the subsequent pilot test involving surfactant reagent injection (not addressed in the present thesis). The Biosparging pilot test consisted of a step-rate injection test at increasing flow rates (5, 10 and 15 Nm³/h) and a constant-rate test (10 Nm³/h), enabling the estimation of the minimum radius of influence of the system (approximately 5 m). Hydrogeological investigations included a step-drawdown pumping test at increasing flow rates (35, 60, 80 and 95 L/min), a constant-rate pumping test (95 L/min) and a saline tracer test. These investigations enabled the estimation of the average aquifer transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and groundwater flow velocity, resulting in values of 3 × 10⁻² m²/s, 5 × 10⁻⁴ m/s, and 2.5 m/d respectively.
Il seguente elaborato di tesi è frutto di un tirocinio presso l’azienda HPC Italia e descrive lo svolgimento di un test pilota di Biosparging e di prove idrogeologiche, finalizzate a verificare l’applicabilità delle tecnologie scelte per gli interventi di bonifica e ad ottimizzare i dimensionamenti full-scale proposti, in un’area agricola della Lombardia in cui i terreni e le acque sotterranee sono interessati da una contaminazione da idrocarburi e dalla presenza di Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs). La litologia del sito è costituita principalmente da orizzonti superficiali limosi-sabbiosi seguiti da orizzonti sabbiosi-ghiaiosi, e la falda, a carattere freatico, presenta una direzione principale Sud-Est/Est con una soggiacenza che oscilla tra 1 – 9,5 m da piano campagna (p.c.) nel corso dell’anno. Al fine di gestire la contaminazione presente, in una prima fase, è stato effettuato un intervento con un sistema di Pump&Treat e l’iniezione di reagenti desorbenti/ossidanti per il trattamento del comparto acque sotterranee, e di un sistema di Bioventing per i terreni insaturi. Successivamente, per potenziare la decontaminazione, si è deciso di implementare anche un sistema di Biosparging e di Soil Flushing (mediante iniezione di reagenti surfattanti) per il trattamento del comparto saturo. Il test pilota di Biosparging è stato eseguito allo scopo di verificare l’effettiva ossigenazione delle acque sotterranee e quindi l’applicabilità della tecnologia in sito, oltre che definire i principali parametri progettuali della tecnologia, mentre le prove idrauliche sono state realizzate al fine di approfondire la caratterizzazione idrogeologica dell’acquifero in previsione della successiva realizzazione del test pilota di iniezione di reagenti surfattanti (non oggetto del presente elaborato). La prova pilota di Biosparging è consistita in una prova a gradini di portata crescente (5, 10, 15 Nm³/h) e in una prova a portata constante (10 Nm³/h) e ha permesso di calcolare il raggio di influenza minimo del sistema (circa 5 m). Le prove idrogeologiche sono consistite in una prova di pompaggio a gradini di portata crescenti (35, 60, 80, 95 L/min), in una prova di pompaggio a portata constante (95 L/min) e in un test con tracciante salino; le prove idrogeologiche hanno permesso di calcolare la trasmissività media dell’acquifero, la conducibilità idraulica media e la velocità di flusso, risultate rispettivamente pari a 3 × 10⁻² m²/s, 5 × 10⁻⁴ m/s, and 2.5 m/d.
Test pilota di Biosparging e prove idrogeologiche in un sito contaminato da idrocarburi
BATTAGLIA, ALESSANDRO
2025/2026
Abstract
The following thesis work stems from an internship carried out at HPC Italia and describes the implementation of a Biosparging pilot test and hydrogeological investigations aimed at assessing the applicability of the selected remediation technologies and optimizing the proposed full-scale design in an agricultural area in Lombardy, where soils and groundwater are affected by hydrocarbon contamination and the presence of Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs). The site lithology mainly consists of shallow silty-sandy horizons overlying sandy-gravelly layers. The aquifer is unconfined (phreatic) and exhibits a predominant south-east/east flow direction, with groundwater depth ranging from 1 to 9.5 m below ground level (b.g.l.) throughout the year. To manage site contamination, an initial remediation phase involved the implementation of a Pump & Treat system and the injection of desorbing/oxidizing reagents for groundwater treatment, together with a Bioventing system for the remediation of unsaturated soils. Subsequently, to enhance decontamination efficiency, the implementation of Biosparging and Soil Flushing systems (through the injection of surfactant reagents) was selected for the treatment of the saturated zone. The Biosparging pilot test was conducted to verify the effective oxygenation of groundwater and, consequently, the site-specific applicability of the technology, as well as to define its main design parameters. Hydrogeological tests were performed to further characterize the aquifer in preparation for the subsequent pilot test involving surfactant reagent injection (not addressed in the present thesis). The Biosparging pilot test consisted of a step-rate injection test at increasing flow rates (5, 10 and 15 Nm³/h) and a constant-rate test (10 Nm³/h), enabling the estimation of the minimum radius of influence of the system (approximately 5 m). Hydrogeological investigations included a step-drawdown pumping test at increasing flow rates (35, 60, 80 and 95 L/min), a constant-rate pumping test (95 L/min) and a saline tracer test. These investigations enabled the estimation of the average aquifer transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and groundwater flow velocity, resulting in values of 3 × 10⁻² m²/s, 5 × 10⁻⁴ m/s, and 2.5 m/d respectively.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/258857