This thesis focuses on the application and experimental validation of one-dimensional iFEM on a 1:28 scale model of a Bremen-class frigate (F122). The model has been built and tested in collaboration with partners at the CNR-INM naval research centre in Rome. The validation is conducted across three distinct experimental campaigns: a static configuration with the backbone only, a static configuration with the backbone and hull and dynamic tests with the complete model subjected to regular and irregular wave action. In all cases, a unified and consistent analysis procedure is applied. The reconstructed displacement field is validated against independent measurements from laser displacement sensors in both static configurations. In the dynamic case, validation is instead carried out through comparison with independent acceleration measurements acquired by accelerometers installed along the backbone, obtained by applying the second time derivative to the iFEM-reconstructed displacement field. This approach has not been systematically addressed in the literature for scale models of this size, representing a key novelty of this work. In parallel with shape sensing, an Anomaly Index detector directly grounded in the iFEM reconstruction is implemented to detect and localise progressive stiffness reductions intentionally introduced into the model, simulating scenarios of structural degradation or localised military damage. The results confirm the iFEM's ability to accurately reconstruct the displacement field under both static and dynamic conditions. The reconstructed acceleration field shows good agreement with accelerometer measurements at each sensor location, and the anomaly index demonstrates clear sensitivity in detecting and distinguishing the various progressive degradation configurations.
Questa tesi si concentra sull'applicazione e sulla validazione sperimentale dell'iFEM monodimensionale su un modello in scala 1:28 di una fregata classe Bremen (F122). Il modello è stato costruito e testato in collaborazione con i partner del centro di ricerca navale CNR-INM di Roma. La validazione è condotta attraverso tre distinte campagne sperimentali: una configurazione statica con la sola backbone, una configurazione statica con backbone e scafo e prove dinamiche sul modello completo soggetto ad azione di onde regolari e irregolari. In tutti i casi viene applicata una procedura di analisi unificata e coerente. Il campo di spostamenti ricostruito è validato confrontandolo con misure indipendenti provenienti da sensori di spostamento laser in entrambe le configurazioni statiche. Nel caso dinamico, la validazione viene invece condotta attraverso il confronto con misure indipendenti di accelerazione acquisite da accelerometri installati lungo la backbone, ottenute applicando la derivata seconda nel tempo al campo di spostamenti ricostruito tramite iFEM. Questo approccio non è stato affrontato in modo sistematico nella letteratura per modelli in scala di queste dimensioni, rappresentando una novità chiave di questo lavoro. Parallelamente allo shape sensing, viene implementato un rilevatore basato su un Anomaly Index direttamente fondato sulla ricostruzione iFEM, per individuare e localizzare riduzioni progressive di rigidezza introdotte intenzionalmente nel modello, simulando scenari di degrado strutturale o danno militare localizzato. I risultati confermano la capacità dell'iFEM di ricostruire accuratamente il campo di spostamenti sia in condizioni statiche che dinamiche. Il campo di accelerazioni ricostruito mostra un buon accordo con le misure accelerometriche in ciascuna posizione dei sensori, e l'anomaly index dimostra una chiara sensibilità nel rilevare e distinguere le varie configurazioni di degrado progressivo.
Load-indipendent damage detection and shape sensing in naval structures through an iFEM-based framework
Curziani, Gianluca
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis focuses on the application and experimental validation of one-dimensional iFEM on a 1:28 scale model of a Bremen-class frigate (F122). The model has been built and tested in collaboration with partners at the CNR-INM naval research centre in Rome. The validation is conducted across three distinct experimental campaigns: a static configuration with the backbone only, a static configuration with the backbone and hull and dynamic tests with the complete model subjected to regular and irregular wave action. In all cases, a unified and consistent analysis procedure is applied. The reconstructed displacement field is validated against independent measurements from laser displacement sensors in both static configurations. In the dynamic case, validation is instead carried out through comparison with independent acceleration measurements acquired by accelerometers installed along the backbone, obtained by applying the second time derivative to the iFEM-reconstructed displacement field. This approach has not been systematically addressed in the literature for scale models of this size, representing a key novelty of this work. In parallel with shape sensing, an Anomaly Index detector directly grounded in the iFEM reconstruction is implemented to detect and localise progressive stiffness reductions intentionally introduced into the model, simulating scenarios of structural degradation or localised military damage. The results confirm the iFEM's ability to accurately reconstruct the displacement field under both static and dynamic conditions. The reconstructed acceleration field shows good agreement with accelerometer measurements at each sensor location, and the anomaly index demonstrates clear sensitivity in detecting and distinguishing the various progressive degradation configurations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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ExecutiveSummary_GianlucaCurziani.pdf
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Thesis_GianlucaCurziani.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/259239