Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) represents one of the main technological evolutions in minimally invasive surgery, particularly in complex urological procedures such as robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). The introduction of advanced robotic platforms has improved surgical precision, operative ergonomics, and perioperative patient management, while also introducing relevant economic, organizational, and managerial implications. In this context, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) represents a fundamental tool for the multidimensional evaluation of the impact of healthcare innovations. However, no universally recognized methodology currently exists for applying HTA to the comparison of robotic platforms used within a single center for the same surgical procedure. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to conduct a clinical and economic analysis of RARP procedures performed at Policlinico di Abano Terme (PD, Italy), comparing the da Vinci Xi and da Vinci SP systems in terms of clinical effectiveness, operational efficiency, and economic sustainability. The study was conducted at Policlinico di Abano Terme, considering the first 50 RARP procedures performed with the da Vinci Xi system and the first 50 procedures performed with the da Vinci SP system, all carried out by the same surgeon. Clinical and economic data were collected and analyzed. Clinical indicators included operative time, postoperative complications, nerve-sparing technique, and LOS. The economic analysis considered the cost of the RAS platforms, direct and indirect costs per procedure, operating room costs, instrumentation costs, hospitalization costs, and the overall organization of the surgical pathway. The results highlight relevant differences between the two platforms. From a clinical perspective, the da Vinci SP system showed an advantage in terms of operative efficiency, with a mean operative time of 188.72 ± 27.81 minutes, whereas the da Vinci Xi system showed a mean operative time of 243.28 ± 47.94 minutes. LOS was also shorter in the SP group, equal to 2 days compared with 3 days in the Xi group. However, nerve-sparing was performed more frequently in the Xi group than in the SP group, with rates of 96% and 66%, respectively, suggesting a different surgical strategy between the two cohorts. From an economic perspective, the Xi system was associated with a lower mean cost per procedure, equal to EUR 2,796.20, compared with EUR 3,490.41 for the SP system. However, the sensitivity analysis showed that the SP system may become economically more convenient when the operating room cost is lower than EUR 763.20 per hour. Based on the performed analysis, the choice of the most convenient RAS platform cannot rely exclusively on the mean cost per procedure, but should also take into account operative time, LOS, surgical volumes, and operating room scheduling. The da Vinci SP system shows relevant potential, since, despite having an acquisition cost comparable to that of the Xi system, it demonstrated shorter operative times and a reduced mean LOS. If adequately amortized through high surgical volumes and an optimized workflow, the SP system could become economically competitive and organizationally advantageous.
La chirurgia robotica assistita rappresenta una delle principali evoluzioni della chirurgia mininvasiva, in particolare nelle procedure urologiche complesse come la prostatectomia radicale robot-assistita (Robot-Assisted Radical Rrostatectomy, RARP). L’introduzione di piattaforme robotiche avanzate ha migliorato precisione chirurgica, ergonomia operatoria e gestione perioperatoria, ma ha anche introdotto rilevanti implicazioni economiche, organizzative e gestionali. In questo contesto, l’Health Technology Assessment (HTA) rappresenta uno strumento fondamentale per valutare in modo multidimensionale l’impatto delle innovazioni sanitarie. Tuttavia, non esiste ancora una metodologia universalmente riconosciuta per applicare l’HTA al confronto tra piattaforme robotiche utilizzate, all’interno di un singolo centro, per la stessa procedura chirurgica. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quindi condurre un’analisi clinica ed economica delle procedure di RARP eseguite presso il Policlinico di Abano Terme (PD), confrontando i sistemi da Vinci Xi e da Vinci SP in termini di efficacia clinica, efficienza operativa e sostenibilità economica. Lo studio è stato condotto presso il Policlinico di Abano Terme, considerando le prime 50 procedure di RARP eseguite con il sistema da Vinci Xi e le prime 50 procedure eseguite con il sistema da Vinci SP, tutte effettuate dallo stesso chirurgo. Sono stati raccolti e analizzati dati clinici ed economici. Gli indicatori clinici includevano tempo operatorio, complicanze post-operatorie, tecnica di nerve-sparing e durata della degenza ospedaliera. L’analisi economica ha invece considerato il costo delle piattaforme robotiche, i costi diretti e indiretti per procedura, i costi di sala operatoria, della strumentazione, della degenza e dell’organizzazione complessiva del percorso chirurgico. I risultati evidenziano differenze rilevanti tra le due piattaforme. Dal punto di vista clinico, il sistema da Vinci SP ha mostrato un vantaggio in termini di efficienza operatoria, con un tempo operatorio medio di 188,72 ± 27,81 minuti, mentre il sistema da Vinci Xi ha registrato un tempo operatorio medio di 243,28 ± 47,94 minuti. Anche la durata della degenza risulta inferiore nel gruppo SP, pari a 2 giorni rispetto ai 3 giorni del gruppo Xi. Tuttavia, il nerve-sparing è stato eseguito più frequentemente nel gruppo Xi rispetto al gruppo SP, con percentuali rispettivamente pari al 96% e al 66%, suggerendo una diversa strategia chirurgica tra le due coorti. Dal punto di vista economico, il sistema Xi presenta un costo medio per intervento inferiore, pari a 2.796,20 euro, rispetto al sistema SP, pari a 3.490,41 euro. Tuttavia, l’analisi di sensitività mostra che il sistema SP può diventare economicamente più conveniente quando il costo della sala operatoria è inferiore a 763,20 euro all’ora. Alla luce dell’analisi condotta, la scelta della piattaforma robotica più conveniente non può basarsi esclusivamente sul costo medio per procedura, ma deve considerare anche tempi operatori, durata della degenza, volumi chirurgici e organizzazione dei turni di sala. Il sistema da Vinci SP presenta potenzialità rilevanti, poiché, pur avendo un costo di acquisizione paragonabile a quello del sistema Xi, ha mostrato tempi operatori più rapidi e una minore degenza media. Se adeguatamente ammortizzato attraverso un elevato volume di attività e un flusso di lavoro ottimizzato, il sistema SP potrebbe risultare economicamente competitivo e organizzativamente vantaggioso.
Health Technology Assessment of da Vinci Xi and da Vinci SP Robotic System for Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: a Clinical and Economic Evaluation
Piedimonte, Gianmaria
2025/2026
Abstract
Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) represents one of the main technological evolutions in minimally invasive surgery, particularly in complex urological procedures such as robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). The introduction of advanced robotic platforms has improved surgical precision, operative ergonomics, and perioperative patient management, while also introducing relevant economic, organizational, and managerial implications. In this context, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) represents a fundamental tool for the multidimensional evaluation of the impact of healthcare innovations. However, no universally recognized methodology currently exists for applying HTA to the comparison of robotic platforms used within a single center for the same surgical procedure. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to conduct a clinical and economic analysis of RARP procedures performed at Policlinico di Abano Terme (PD, Italy), comparing the da Vinci Xi and da Vinci SP systems in terms of clinical effectiveness, operational efficiency, and economic sustainability. The study was conducted at Policlinico di Abano Terme, considering the first 50 RARP procedures performed with the da Vinci Xi system and the first 50 procedures performed with the da Vinci SP system, all carried out by the same surgeon. Clinical and economic data were collected and analyzed. Clinical indicators included operative time, postoperative complications, nerve-sparing technique, and LOS. The economic analysis considered the cost of the RAS platforms, direct and indirect costs per procedure, operating room costs, instrumentation costs, hospitalization costs, and the overall organization of the surgical pathway. The results highlight relevant differences between the two platforms. From a clinical perspective, the da Vinci SP system showed an advantage in terms of operative efficiency, with a mean operative time of 188.72 ± 27.81 minutes, whereas the da Vinci Xi system showed a mean operative time of 243.28 ± 47.94 minutes. LOS was also shorter in the SP group, equal to 2 days compared with 3 days in the Xi group. However, nerve-sparing was performed more frequently in the Xi group than in the SP group, with rates of 96% and 66%, respectively, suggesting a different surgical strategy between the two cohorts. From an economic perspective, the Xi system was associated with a lower mean cost per procedure, equal to EUR 2,796.20, compared with EUR 3,490.41 for the SP system. However, the sensitivity analysis showed that the SP system may become economically more convenient when the operating room cost is lower than EUR 763.20 per hour. Based on the performed analysis, the choice of the most convenient RAS platform cannot rely exclusively on the mean cost per procedure, but should also take into account operative time, LOS, surgical volumes, and operating room scheduling. The da Vinci SP system shows relevant potential, since, despite having an acquisition cost comparable to that of the Xi system, it demonstrated shorter operative times and a reduced mean LOS. If adequately amortized through high surgical volumes and an optimized workflow, the SP system could become economically competitive and organizationally advantageous.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Health Technology Assessment of da Vinci Xi and da Vinci SP Robotic System for Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy - a Clinical and Economic Evaluation.pdf
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Executive Summary - Health Technology Assessment of da Vinci Xi and da Vinci SP Robotic System for Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy - a Clinical and Economic Evaluation.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/259539