Internal supply chains face the constant challenge of misaligned demand and transformation, forcing managers to rely on wasteful buffers such as inventory, extended lead times, and excess capacity (Hopp & Spearman, 2008). While Lean Manufacturing provides powerful operational levers to systematically eliminate this waste, evaluating their impact is not straightforward. The cascading effects of these levers across interacting production lines create dynamic complexities that traditional static methods fail to accurately capture. Consequently, Discrete Event Simulation (DES) has become an essential methodology to virtually test these interacting lean policies and mitigate implementation risks before deploying them on the factory floor (Goienetxea Uriarte et al., 2020). This thesis quantitatively analyzes how planning frequency, batch size, setup time, and cycle time impact lead times and stock levels across varying target saturations. A DES model was developed using Python’s SimPy framework. The methodology includes two phases: establishing a theoretical baseline with a generalized three-line production system, and empirically validating findings via a case study at LUVE SpA’s evaporators production unit in Italy. The simulation yields four managerial insights. First, shortening planning frequency significantly reduces lead times and intermediate stock, especially at lower saturations, fostering smoother flow. Second, when reducing setup times, using freed capacity to proportionally reduce batch sizes outperforms leaving it as surplus. Third, while reducing cycle or setup times yields equivalent short-term lead time benefits, setup time reduction is strategically superior long-term, preserving the ability to adopt smaller batches later. Finally, multi-line lean interventions show little synergistic influence; benefits are mostly additive, so investments should target direct benefits.
Le catene di approvvigionamento interne affrontano la costante sfida del disallineamento tra domanda e trasformazione, che porta i manager a ricorrere a buffer inefficienti come scorte, lead time estesi e capacità in eccesso (Hopp & Spearman, 2008). Sebbene la Lean Manufacturing offra leve operative efficaci per eliminare sistematicamente questi sprechi, valutarne l’impatto non è immediato. Gli effetti a cascata di tali leve su linee produttive interconnesse generano complessità dinamiche che i metodi statistici tradizionali non riescono a cogliere con precisione. Di conseguenza, la Discrete Event Simulation (DES) è diventata una metodologia essenziale per testare virtualmente politiche lean integrate e ridurre i rischi di implementazione prima dell’applicazione in fabbrica (Goinetxea Uriarte et al., 2020). Questa tesi analizza quantitativamente come frequenza di pianificazione, dimensione dei lotti, setup time e cycle time influenzino lead time e livelli di scorta a diverse saturazioni target. È stato sviluppato un modello DES con il framework SimPy di Python. La metodologia comprende due fasi: la definizione di una baseline teorica con un sistema produttivo generalizzato a tre linee e la validazione empirica dei risultati tramite un caso studio presso l’unità produttiva di evaporatori di LUVE SpA in Italia. La simulazione produce quattro insight manageriali. Primo, accorciare la frequenza di pianificazione riduce significativamente lead time e scorte intermedie, soprattutto a saturazioni inferiori, favorendo un flusso più regolare. Secondo, quando si riducono i setup time, usare la capacità liberata per ridurre proporzionalmente i lotti è più efficace che lasciarla come surplus. Terzo, pur producendo benefici di breve periodo equivalenti sui lead time, la riduzione di cycle time o setup time non ha lo stesso valore strategico: ridurre il setup time è superiore nel lungo periodo, perché mantiene aperta la possibilità di adottare lotti più piccoli in futuro. Infine, gli interventi lean multi-linea mostrano una limitata influenza sinergica; i benefici sono per lo più additivi, quindi gli investimenti dovrebbero puntare ai benefici diretti.
Reducing lead time and stock levels in an internal supply chain: a discrete event simulation study of lean improvements and the case study of LUVE SpA
Angrigiani, Lucia
2025/2026
Abstract
Internal supply chains face the constant challenge of misaligned demand and transformation, forcing managers to rely on wasteful buffers such as inventory, extended lead times, and excess capacity (Hopp & Spearman, 2008). While Lean Manufacturing provides powerful operational levers to systematically eliminate this waste, evaluating their impact is not straightforward. The cascading effects of these levers across interacting production lines create dynamic complexities that traditional static methods fail to accurately capture. Consequently, Discrete Event Simulation (DES) has become an essential methodology to virtually test these interacting lean policies and mitigate implementation risks before deploying them on the factory floor (Goienetxea Uriarte et al., 2020). This thesis quantitatively analyzes how planning frequency, batch size, setup time, and cycle time impact lead times and stock levels across varying target saturations. A DES model was developed using Python’s SimPy framework. The methodology includes two phases: establishing a theoretical baseline with a generalized three-line production system, and empirically validating findings via a case study at LUVE SpA’s evaporators production unit in Italy. The simulation yields four managerial insights. First, shortening planning frequency significantly reduces lead times and intermediate stock, especially at lower saturations, fostering smoother flow. Second, when reducing setup times, using freed capacity to proportionally reduce batch sizes outperforms leaving it as surplus. Third, while reducing cycle or setup times yields equivalent short-term lead time benefits, setup time reduction is strategically superior long-term, preserving the ability to adopt smaller batches later. Finally, multi-line lean interventions show little synergistic influence; benefits are mostly additive, so investments should target direct benefits.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Angrigiani_Executive_Summary.pdf
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2026_07_Angrigiani_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: testo tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/259637