Slender high-rise buildings are susceptible to vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), and permeable double-skin façades (PDSF) have been proposed as a passive means of mitigating them. This thesis examines the aerodynamic effect of such a façade on a rectangular prism of aspect ratio B/D = 3.33, a transitional section whose wake alternates between leading-edge shedding and intermittent shear-layer reattachment. The flow is modelled with two-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations using the k-omega SST closure in OpenFOAM, and the porous screen is represented by a Darcy-Forchheimer momentum sink characterised by a single pressure-loss coefficient k. The framework is validated against the canonical square and B/D = 5 prisms, and against wind-tunnel measurements of the same section: it reproduces the Strouhal number and wake topology accurately, while the absolute fluctuating forces retain the systematic two-dimensional bias, namely under-predicted mean drag and over-predicted lift fluctuations, expected from the neglect of spanwise decorrelation. The response is analysed through global force statistics, surface-pressure distributions, force spectra, and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the wake. Imposed cross-flow oscillations of the naked prism reproduce the sub-critical, lock-in, and super-critical regimes and link modal coherence to aerodynamic amplification. A sweep of the pressure-loss coefficient on the rigid porous configuration shows that increasing k displaces the effective separation contour from the inner sharp edges towards the outer screen: the Strouhal number falls from St approximately 0.15 for the open, near-naked configuration towards St approximately 0.08 for the resistive, near-solid configuration, the fluctuating lift is progressively attenuated, and the leading wake mode loses spatial coherence. This behaviour maps onto an effective-elongation analogy, with k tuning the apparent slenderness of the prism, while a control-volume decomposition of the mean drag shows that the screen intercepts a growing share of the load and shields the inner structure. When motion is imposed on the porous configuration, lock-in is still established near resonance, but at reduced amplitude and spectral coherence. The porous layer, therefore, acts principally by weakening the intrinsic shear-layer instability and redistributing momentum, raising the threshold for spontaneous VIV onset rather than suppressing the synchronised state once it is established.
Gli edifici alti e snelli sono suscettibili alle vibrazioni indotte da vortici (VIV), e le facciate permeabili a doppia pelle (PDSF) sono state proposte come metodo passivo per mitigarle. Questa tesi esamina l’effetto aerodinamico di tale facciata su un prisma rettangolare con rapporto d’aspetto B/D = 3.33, una sezione di transizione il cui wake alterna distacco dal bordo d’attacco e riattacco intermittente dello strato di taglio. Il flusso è modellato mediante simulazioni bidimensionali Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS), utilizzando il modello di turbolenza k-omega SST in OpenFOAM, mentre lo schermo poroso è rappresentato tramite un termine di perdita di quantità di moto di Darcy-Forchheimer caratterizzato da un singolo coefficiente di perdita di pressione k. Il modello è validato rispetto ai casi canonici del prisma quadrato e del prisma con B/D = 5, nonché rispetto a misure sperimentali in galleria del vento per la stessa sezione: esso riproduce accuratamente il numero di Strouhal e la topologia della scia, mentre le forze fluttuanti assolute mantengono il bias sistematico tipico dell’approccio bidimensionale, ovvero una sottostima della resistenza media e una sovrastima delle fluttuazioni di portanza, dovute alla mancata rappresentazione della decorrelazione lungo l’apertura. La risposta è analizzata attraverso statistiche globali delle forze, distribuzioni di pressione superficiale, spettri delle forze e decomposizione ortogonale propria (POD) della scia. Oscillazioni imposte in direzione trasversale sul prisma non schermato riproducono i regimi subcritico, di lock-in e supercritico, collegando la coerenza modale all’amplificazione aerodinamica. Una variazione parametrica del coefficiente di perdita di pressione nella configurazione porosa rigida mostra che l’aumento di k sposta il contorno effettivo di separazione dagli spigoli interni verso lo schermo esterno: il numero di Strouhal diminuisce da St circa 0.15 per la configurazione aperta, quasi equivalente al prisma non schermato, fino a St circa 0.08 per la configurazione più resistiva, quasi solida; le fluttuazioni di portanza vengono progressivamente attenuate; e il modo dominante della scia perde coerenza spaziale. Questo comportamento può essere interpretato attraverso un’analogia di allungamento efficace, in cui k regola la snellezza apparente del prisma, mentre una decomposizione mediante volume di controllo della resistenza media mostra che lo schermo intercetta una quota crescente del carico e protegge la struttura interna. Quando il moto è imposto alla configurazione porosa, il lock-in si stabilisce ancora in prossimità della risonanza, ma con ampiezza e coerenza spettrale ridotte. Lo strato poroso agisce quindi principalmente indebolendo l’instabilità intrinseca dello strato di taglio e ridistribuendo la quantità di moto, innalzando la soglia di innesco spontaneo delle VIV piuttosto che sopprimendo lo stato sincronizzato una volta stabilito.
Effect of permeable double skin facades on vortex induced vibrations in a high-rise building
LOTRIC, GAŠPER
2025/2026
Abstract
Slender high-rise buildings are susceptible to vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), and permeable double-skin façades (PDSF) have been proposed as a passive means of mitigating them. This thesis examines the aerodynamic effect of such a façade on a rectangular prism of aspect ratio B/D = 3.33, a transitional section whose wake alternates between leading-edge shedding and intermittent shear-layer reattachment. The flow is modelled with two-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations using the k-omega SST closure in OpenFOAM, and the porous screen is represented by a Darcy-Forchheimer momentum sink characterised by a single pressure-loss coefficient k. The framework is validated against the canonical square and B/D = 5 prisms, and against wind-tunnel measurements of the same section: it reproduces the Strouhal number and wake topology accurately, while the absolute fluctuating forces retain the systematic two-dimensional bias, namely under-predicted mean drag and over-predicted lift fluctuations, expected from the neglect of spanwise decorrelation. The response is analysed through global force statistics, surface-pressure distributions, force spectra, and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the wake. Imposed cross-flow oscillations of the naked prism reproduce the sub-critical, lock-in, and super-critical regimes and link modal coherence to aerodynamic amplification. A sweep of the pressure-loss coefficient on the rigid porous configuration shows that increasing k displaces the effective separation contour from the inner sharp edges towards the outer screen: the Strouhal number falls from St approximately 0.15 for the open, near-naked configuration towards St approximately 0.08 for the resistive, near-solid configuration, the fluctuating lift is progressively attenuated, and the leading wake mode loses spatial coherence. This behaviour maps onto an effective-elongation analogy, with k tuning the apparent slenderness of the prism, while a control-volume decomposition of the mean drag shows that the screen intercepts a growing share of the load and shields the inner structure. When motion is imposed on the porous configuration, lock-in is still established near resonance, but at reduced amplitude and spectral coherence. The porous layer, therefore, acts principally by weakening the intrinsic shear-layer instability and redistributing momentum, raising the threshold for spontaneous VIV onset rather than suppressing the synchronised state once it is established.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/259917