This thesis work addresses the study of high-performance thermoplastic composite materials for advanced structural applications, focusing on the experimental investigation of the phenomena governing interface quality during automated manufacturing processes. Particular attention is paid to a recently developed and commercialized matrix, carbon fiber reinforced Low Melt Polyaryletherketone, analyzed within the context of AFP technology. The research aims to map and understand the operating conditions that determine the structural integrity of the final component, analyzing in parallel the evolution of the interfacial intimate contact, which is fundamental in promoting adhesion between plies, and the phenomenon of deconsolidation, responsible for void nucleation and macroscopic porosity growth. To reproduce an AFP equipment in a laboratory environment, an experimental methodology was designed and implemented based on the use of a universal testing machine, appropriately configured to reproduce the transient thermomechanical temperature and pressure cycles typical of the actual deposition technology. The characterization of the internal microstructure and the evaluation of post-processing defectivity were conducted via SEM. In parallel, the degree of intimate contact was quantified by applying the Bearing Area Curve mathematical model to surface profilometry measurements. The collected results indicate that the CF/LMPAEK system possesses a high suitability for consolidation at significantly lower temperatures compared to traditional PEEK and PEKK matrices, allowing defect-free structures to be obtained starting from minimal overtemperature above Tm. Furthermore, a susceptibility of the material to develop deconsolidation phenomena in the presence of residual moisture was demonstrated. In conclusion, this work validates a experimental setup for screening processing parameters and establishes a data-collection procedure through surface characterisation. This framework provides the empirical baseline required to develop future predictive models for defect formation in thermoplastic composites processed via AFP.
Il presente lavoro di tesi affronta lo studio dei materiali compositi termoplastici ad alte prestazioni per applicazioni strutturali avanzate, focalizzandosi sull’investigazione sperimentale dei fenomeni che governano la qualità dell’interfaccia durante i processi di manifattura automatizzata. L’attenzione è rivolta in particolare a una matrice di recente sviluppo e commercializzazione, il poliarileterchetone a basso punto di fusione, rinforzato con fibre di carbonio, analizzato nel contesto della tecnologia AFP. La ricerca si propone di mappare e comprendere le condizioni operative che determinano l’integrità strutturale del componente finale, analizzando in parallelo l’evoluzione del contatto intimo interfacciale, fondamentale per promuovere l’adesione tra le lamine, e il fenomeno del deconsolidamento, responsabile della nucleazione e della crescita di vuoti e porosità macroscopiche. Per riprodurre un’apparecchiatura AFP in ambiente di laboratorio, è stata progettata e implementata una metodologia sperimentale basata sull’utilizzo di una macchina di prova universale, opportunamente configurata per riprodurre i cicli termomeccanici di temperatura e pressione tipici della tecnologia di deposizione reale. La caratterizzazione della microstruttura interna e la valutazione della difettosità post processo sono state condotte mediante microscopia SEM. Parallelamente, il grado di contatto intimo è stato quantificato applicando il modello BAC ai rilievi profilometrici superficiali. I risultati raccolti indicano che il sistema CF/LMPAEK possiede un’elevata attitudine al consolidamento a temperature significativamente inferiori rispetto alle matrici tradizionali in PEEK e PEKK, consentendo di ottenere strutture prive di difetti a partire da minime soglie di sovratemperatura rispetto al punto di fusione del polimero. Inoltre, è stata dimostrata una suscettibilità del materiale a sviluppare fenomeni di deconsolidamento in presenza di umidità residua. In conclusione, questo lavoro convalida un setup sperimentale per lo screening dei parametri di processo e stabilisce una procedura di raccolta dati mediante caratterizzazione superficiale. Questo framework fornisce la base empirica necessaria per sviluppare futuri modelli predittivi sulla formazione dei difetti nei compositi termoplastici lavorati mediante AFP.
Experimental investigation on deconsolidation of Carbon Fibre/LMPAEK tapes under processing conditions
Iseppi, Emmanuele
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis work addresses the study of high-performance thermoplastic composite materials for advanced structural applications, focusing on the experimental investigation of the phenomena governing interface quality during automated manufacturing processes. Particular attention is paid to a recently developed and commercialized matrix, carbon fiber reinforced Low Melt Polyaryletherketone, analyzed within the context of AFP technology. The research aims to map and understand the operating conditions that determine the structural integrity of the final component, analyzing in parallel the evolution of the interfacial intimate contact, which is fundamental in promoting adhesion between plies, and the phenomenon of deconsolidation, responsible for void nucleation and macroscopic porosity growth. To reproduce an AFP equipment in a laboratory environment, an experimental methodology was designed and implemented based on the use of a universal testing machine, appropriately configured to reproduce the transient thermomechanical temperature and pressure cycles typical of the actual deposition technology. The characterization of the internal microstructure and the evaluation of post-processing defectivity were conducted via SEM. In parallel, the degree of intimate contact was quantified by applying the Bearing Area Curve mathematical model to surface profilometry measurements. The collected results indicate that the CF/LMPAEK system possesses a high suitability for consolidation at significantly lower temperatures compared to traditional PEEK and PEKK matrices, allowing defect-free structures to be obtained starting from minimal overtemperature above Tm. Furthermore, a susceptibility of the material to develop deconsolidation phenomena in the presence of residual moisture was demonstrated. In conclusion, this work validates a experimental setup for screening processing parameters and establishes a data-collection procedure through surface characterisation. This framework provides the empirical baseline required to develop future predictive models for defect formation in thermoplastic composites processed via AFP.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Iseppi_Tesi.pdf
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2026_07_Iseppi_Executive_Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/259979