Innovation in China’s internet industry is increasingly shaped by organisational complexity, platform governance, and risk control, rather than by user needs alone. While user-centred design has long been treated as the dominant paradigm of product and service innovation (Norman, 2013), its explanatory power is increasingly limited in digitally mediated and AI-driven contexts, where innovation is conditioned by organisational structures, governance logics, and regulatory frameworks (van Velsen, Ludden and Grünloh, 2022). Drawing on service design and social innovation, this paper examines how design teams participate in Scrum-like workflows in Chinese internet companies, and how internal organisational structures shape innovation pathways in China’s internet industry. Rather than treating innovation as a purely user-driven or technology-driven process, the study understands it as something generated, filtered and implemented through organisational workflows, platform logics and systemic constraints. Methodologically, the study combines a literature review with semi-structured interviews to analyse how design teams negotiate user value, business value and broader social value within everyday product development practices. The findings identify a key gap in social innovation research: insufficient attention to the organisational and institutional conditions of China’s internet industry. In response, the paper proposes a shift from user-centred design to a system-constrained understanding of innovation. By integrating perspectives from social innovation and service design, it develops a workflow framework for innovation under organisational constraints, offering a context-sensitive approach to innovation practice in China’s internet industry.
L’innovazione nell’industria cinese di Internet è sempre più influenzata dalla complessità organizzativa, dalla governance delle piattaforme e dai meccanismi di controllo del rischio, piuttosto che esclusivamente dalle esigenze degli utenti. Sebbene il design centrato sull’utente sia stato a lungo considerato il paradigma dominante nell’innovazione di prodotti e servizi (Norman, 2013), la sua capacità esplicativa appare sempre più limitata nei contesti digitalmente mediati e guidati dall’intelligenza artificiale, nei quali l’innovazione è condizionata dalle strutture organizzative, dalle logiche di governance e dai quadri normativi (van Velsen, Ludden and Grünloh, 2022). Basandosi sulle prospettive del service design e dell’innovazione sociale, il presente studio analizza il modo in cui i team di design partecipano a flussi di lavoro simili a Scrum nelle aziende cinesi del settore Internet e come le strutture organizzative interne influenzino i percorsi dell’innovazione nell’industria cinese di Internet. Anziché considerare l’innovazione come un processo determinato esclusivamente dagli utenti o dalla tecnologia, lo studio la interpreta come un fenomeno generato, filtrato e attuato attraverso flussi di lavoro organizzativi, logiche di piattaforma e vincoli sistemici. Dal punto di vista metodologico, la ricerca combina una revisione della letteratura con interviste semi-strutturate, al fine di analizzare come i team di design negozino il valore per l’utente, il valore aziendale e il più ampio valore sociale nell’ambito delle pratiche quotidiane di sviluppo dei prodotti. I risultati individuano una lacuna significativa nella ricerca sull’innovazione sociale: l’insufficiente attenzione riservata alle condizioni organizzative e istituzionali dell’industria cinese di Internet. In risposta a tale lacuna, lo studio propone il passaggio da un approccio centrato sull’utente a una concezione dell’innovazione condizionata dal sistema. Integrando le prospettive dell’innovazione sociale e del service design, la ricerca sviluppa un modello di flusso di lavoro per l’innovazione sottoposta a vincoli organizzativi, offrendo un approccio sensibile alle specificità del contesto per le pratiche di innovazione nell’industria cinese di Internet.
From from user-centred to system-constrained design: reframing innovation pathways in China’s Internet industry
Jin, Dan
2025/2026
Abstract
Innovation in China’s internet industry is increasingly shaped by organisational complexity, platform governance, and risk control, rather than by user needs alone. While user-centred design has long been treated as the dominant paradigm of product and service innovation (Norman, 2013), its explanatory power is increasingly limited in digitally mediated and AI-driven contexts, where innovation is conditioned by organisational structures, governance logics, and regulatory frameworks (van Velsen, Ludden and Grünloh, 2022). Drawing on service design and social innovation, this paper examines how design teams participate in Scrum-like workflows in Chinese internet companies, and how internal organisational structures shape innovation pathways in China’s internet industry. Rather than treating innovation as a purely user-driven or technology-driven process, the study understands it as something generated, filtered and implemented through organisational workflows, platform logics and systemic constraints. Methodologically, the study combines a literature review with semi-structured interviews to analyse how design teams negotiate user value, business value and broader social value within everyday product development practices. The findings identify a key gap in social innovation research: insufficient attention to the organisational and institutional conditions of China’s internet industry. In response, the paper proposes a shift from user-centred design to a system-constrained understanding of innovation. By integrating perspectives from social innovation and service design, it develops a workflow framework for innovation under organisational constraints, offering a context-sensitive approach to innovation practice in China’s internet industry.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260129