This research investigates knitwear as an adaptive textile system, capable of establishing an active relationship with the body through elasticity, deformation, compression, containment, and response to movement. Unlike other textile systems, knitted structure does not generate a rigid and stable surface, but rather a dynamic material based on a loop construction, which enables it to extend, contract, recover its shape, and adapt to bodily variations. From this perspective, knitwear is not considered merely as a production technique or product category, but as a design device capable of incorporating function, behaviour, and a relationship with the body. The research focuses in particular on the comparison between technical-sports knitwear and medical knitwear, two fields that appear distinct but share closely related structural and functional principles. In the sports context, knitwear is designed to accompany athletic movement, manage the body’s microclimate, support the muscles, promote recovery, and respond to the dynamic stresses of movement. In the medical context, the same structural logic is directed towards functions of support, stabilisation, graduated compression, protection, containment, and bodily assistance. The distinction between the two fields is therefore not interpreted as a rigid separation, but as a variation in behaviour: what changes is not necessarily the nature of the structure, but the way in which it is designed, calibrated, and activated in relation to a specific bodily condition. Starting from this hypothesis, the thesis questions whether the function of knitwear is a fixed attribute of the product or whether it instead emerges from the interaction between material, structure, design, and body. The comparison between the sports and medical fields makes it possible to observe how compression, elasticity, skin proximity, ventilation, support, and adaptability are transversal principles, capable of taking on different meanings depending on the context of use. In the static or assisted body, knitwear tends to take the form of a system of containment, stabilisation, and protection; in the dynamic or performative body, it is reconfigured as an adaptive surface, capable of following movement, distributing tensions, and supporting performance. The adopted methodology combines theoretical and bibliographic analysis, comparative study, and a design contribution. The first phase builds the conceptual and technical framework of the research through sources dedicated to knitting technology, sports textiles, compression garments, medical textiles, and smart textiles. The second phase compares strategies, technologies, and case studies belonging to the two selected fields, observing how they interpret the relationship between textile and body. The third phase translates the reflections that emerged into a design proposal, understood not as a simple final application, but as a critical tool for verifying the research hypothesis. The final objective is to propose a reinterpretation of contemporary knitwear as a relational design system, in which function does not derive solely from the intended use, but from the behaviour that the structure assumes in its relationship with the body. Knitwear is thus interpreted as a technology capable of operating at points of transition: between immobility and movement, support and performance, containment and adaptability, care and activity. It is precisely in this ability to respond to the transformations of the body that its contemporary design potential resides.
La presente ricerca indaga la maglieria come sistema tessile adattivo, capace di costruire una relazione attiva con il corpo attraverso elasticità, deformazione, compressione, contenimento e risposta al movimento. A differenza di altri sistemi tessili, la struttura a maglia non genera una superficie rigida e stabile, ma un materiale dinamico, fondato su una costruzione a loop che gli permette di estendersi, contrarsi, recuperare forma e adattarsi alle variazioni corporee. In questa prospettiva, la maglieria non viene considerata soltanto come tecnica produttiva o categoria merceologica, ma come dispositivo progettuale in grado di incorporare funzione, comportamento e relazione con il corpo. La ricerca si concentra in particolare sul confronto tra maglieria tecnico-sportiva e maglieria medicale, due ambiti apparentemente distinti ma accomunati da principi strutturali e funzionali molto vicini. Nel contesto sportivo, la maglieria è progettata per accompagnare il gesto atletico, gestire il microclima corporeo, sostenere la muscolatura, favorire il recupero e rispondere alle sollecitazioni dinamiche del movimento. Nel contesto medicale, la stessa logica strutturale viene orientata verso funzioni di supporto, stabilizzazione, compressione graduata, protezione, contenimento e assistenza del corpo. La distinzione tra i due ambiti non viene quindi letta come una separazione rigida, ma come una variazione di comportamento: ciò che cambia non è necessariamente la natura della struttura, ma il modo in cui essa viene progettata, calibrata e attivata in relazione a una specifica condizione corporea. A partire da questa ipotesi, la tesi si chiede se la funzione della maglieria sia un attributo fisso del prodotto o se emerga invece dall’interazione tra materiale, struttura, progetto e corpo. Il confronto tra sportivo e medicale permette di osservare come compressione, elasticità, prossimità cutanea, ventilazione, sostegno e adattabilità siano principi trasversali, capaci di assumere significati differenti a seconda del contesto d’uso. Nel corpo statico o assistito, la maglia tende a configurarsi come sistema di contenimento, stabilizzazione e protezione; nel corpo dinamico o performativo, si riconfigura come superficie adattiva, capace di seguire il movimento, distribuire le tensioni e accompagnare la performance. La metodologia adottata combina analisi teorico-bibliografica, studio comparativo e contributo progettuale. La prima fase costruisce il quadro concettuale e tecnico della ricerca attraverso fonti dedicate alla tecnologia della maglieria, ai tessili sportivi, agli indumenti compressivi, ai medical textiles e agli smart textiles. La seconda fase mette a confronto strategie, tecnologie e casi studio appartenenti ai due ambiti selezionati, osservando come essi interpretano il rapporto tra tessuto e corpo. La terza fase traduce le riflessioni emerse in una proposta progettuale, intesa non come semplice applicazione finale, ma come strumento critico per verificare l’ipotesi della ricerca. L’obiettivo finale è proporre una rilettura della maglieria contemporanea come sistema progettuale relazionale, in cui la funzione non deriva soltanto dalla destinazione d’uso, ma dal comportamento che la struttura assume nel rapporto con il corpo. La maglieria viene così interpretata come una tecnologia capace di operare nei punti di transizione: tra immobilità e movimento, supporto e performance, contenimento e adattabilità, cura e attività. È proprio in questa capacità di rispondere alle trasformazioni del corpo che risiede il suo potenziale progettuale contemporaneo.
La maglieria: dove il corpo cambia comportamento : dal confronto tra ambito medicale e tecnico sportivo, alla progettazione di un sistema compressivo multilayer adattivo
Baio, Elisabetta
2025/2026
Abstract
This research investigates knitwear as an adaptive textile system, capable of establishing an active relationship with the body through elasticity, deformation, compression, containment, and response to movement. Unlike other textile systems, knitted structure does not generate a rigid and stable surface, but rather a dynamic material based on a loop construction, which enables it to extend, contract, recover its shape, and adapt to bodily variations. From this perspective, knitwear is not considered merely as a production technique or product category, but as a design device capable of incorporating function, behaviour, and a relationship with the body. The research focuses in particular on the comparison between technical-sports knitwear and medical knitwear, two fields that appear distinct but share closely related structural and functional principles. In the sports context, knitwear is designed to accompany athletic movement, manage the body’s microclimate, support the muscles, promote recovery, and respond to the dynamic stresses of movement. In the medical context, the same structural logic is directed towards functions of support, stabilisation, graduated compression, protection, containment, and bodily assistance. The distinction between the two fields is therefore not interpreted as a rigid separation, but as a variation in behaviour: what changes is not necessarily the nature of the structure, but the way in which it is designed, calibrated, and activated in relation to a specific bodily condition. Starting from this hypothesis, the thesis questions whether the function of knitwear is a fixed attribute of the product or whether it instead emerges from the interaction between material, structure, design, and body. The comparison between the sports and medical fields makes it possible to observe how compression, elasticity, skin proximity, ventilation, support, and adaptability are transversal principles, capable of taking on different meanings depending on the context of use. In the static or assisted body, knitwear tends to take the form of a system of containment, stabilisation, and protection; in the dynamic or performative body, it is reconfigured as an adaptive surface, capable of following movement, distributing tensions, and supporting performance. The adopted methodology combines theoretical and bibliographic analysis, comparative study, and a design contribution. The first phase builds the conceptual and technical framework of the research through sources dedicated to knitting technology, sports textiles, compression garments, medical textiles, and smart textiles. The second phase compares strategies, technologies, and case studies belonging to the two selected fields, observing how they interpret the relationship between textile and body. The third phase translates the reflections that emerged into a design proposal, understood not as a simple final application, but as a critical tool for verifying the research hypothesis. The final objective is to propose a reinterpretation of contemporary knitwear as a relational design system, in which function does not derive solely from the intended use, but from the behaviour that the structure assumes in its relationship with the body. Knitwear is thus interpreted as a technology capable of operating at points of transition: between immobility and movement, support and performance, containment and adaptability, care and activity. It is precisely in this ability to respond to the transformations of the body that its contemporary design potential resides.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260137