This thesis investigates the role of blockchain technology in Agri-Food Supply Chains, with a specific focus on how its intrinsic features can translate into enhanced supply chain capabilities and ultimately lead to an outcome. The study is motivated by the persistent challenges of the agri-food sector, especially limited transparency and traceability, food safety risks, fraud risk and the need for more sustainable and efficient operations. To address these issues, the research combines a literature review with expert interviews, comparing academic evidence with practical ones. The findings show that some blockchain features such as data immutability and transparency are the most relevant across both literature and interviews seeing consistently links to improvements of supply chain capabilities. Among these capabilities, supply chain traceability emerges as the most robust while other capabilities such as customer trust, Anti-Fraud, coordinating and integrating for food quality and sustainability practice coordination are also identified although some of them appear to be more strongly associated with literature rather than practice. This suggest that some blockchain promises to remain more conceptual rather than concretely implemented in real Agri-Food Supply Chains contexts. Regarding the outcomes, the quality dimension is the most robustly linked to blockchain enhanced supply chain capabilities. In contrast, the effectiveness dimension is prominent in the literature but does not emerge from the interviews, showing a considerable gap between theory and practice. Overall, this thesis shows that blockchain can create value for Agri-Food Supply Chains companies while also revealing that not all theoretically proposed benefits are equally visible into real world scenarios.
Questa tesi analizza il ruolo della tecnologia blockchain nelle filiere agrolimentari (Agri-Food Supply Chains) con particolare attenzione al modo in cui le sue caratteristiche intrinseche possono tradursi in un miglioramento delle capacità della supply chain e, di conseguenza, generare specifici risultati. Lo studio è motivato dalle persistenti sfide che caratterizzano il settore agroalimentare, in particolare la limitata transparenza e tracciabilità, i rischi legati alla sicurezza alimentare, il richio di frodi e la necessità di processi più sostenibili ed efficienti. Per affrontare tali problematiche, la tesi combina l’analisi della letterature con interviste a esperti del settore, confrontando le evidenze accademiche con quelle provenienti dalla pratica. I risultati mostrano che alcune caratteristiche della blockchain, in particolare l’immutabilità dei dati e la trasparenza, rappresentato gli elementi più rilevanti sia nella letterature sia nelle interviste, risultando costantemente associate al miglioramento delle capacità della supply chain. Tra queste, la tracciabilità della filiera emerge come la capacità più solida e supportata, mentre vengono identificate anche altre capacità, quali la fiducia dei clienti, il contrasto alle frodi, il coodinamento e l’integrazione per la qualità alimentare e il coordinamento delle pratiche di sostenibilità. Tuttavia, alcune di queste risultano maggiormente associate alla letteratura piuttosto che alla pratica, suggerendo che alcune delle promesse attribuite alla blockchain rimangono ancora più concettuali che concretamente implmentate nei reali contesti delle filiere agroalimentari. Per quanto riguarda gli outcome, la dimensione della qualità risulta quella maggiormente collegata alle capacità della supply chain migliorate dalla blockchain. Al contrario, la dimensione dell’efficacia emerge in modo significativo nella letteratura ma non trova riscontro nelle interviste, evidenziando un considerevole divario tra teoria e pratica. Nel complesso, questa tesi ddimostra che la blockchain può generare valore per le aziende operanti nelle filiere agroalimentari, evidenziando al contempo che non tutti i benefici teoricamente proposti risultano ugualmente visibili nei contesti applicativi reali.
Blockchain technology in agri-food supply chains: linking blockchain features, supply chain capabilities and outcomes
MONTAGNA, ROBERTO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates the role of blockchain technology in Agri-Food Supply Chains, with a specific focus on how its intrinsic features can translate into enhanced supply chain capabilities and ultimately lead to an outcome. The study is motivated by the persistent challenges of the agri-food sector, especially limited transparency and traceability, food safety risks, fraud risk and the need for more sustainable and efficient operations. To address these issues, the research combines a literature review with expert interviews, comparing academic evidence with practical ones. The findings show that some blockchain features such as data immutability and transparency are the most relevant across both literature and interviews seeing consistently links to improvements of supply chain capabilities. Among these capabilities, supply chain traceability emerges as the most robust while other capabilities such as customer trust, Anti-Fraud, coordinating and integrating for food quality and sustainability practice coordination are also identified although some of them appear to be more strongly associated with literature rather than practice. This suggest that some blockchain promises to remain more conceptual rather than concretely implemented in real Agri-Food Supply Chains contexts. Regarding the outcomes, the quality dimension is the most robustly linked to blockchain enhanced supply chain capabilities. In contrast, the effectiveness dimension is prominent in the literature but does not emerge from the interviews, showing a considerable gap between theory and practice. Overall, this thesis shows that blockchain can create value for Agri-Food Supply Chains companies while also revealing that not all theoretically proposed benefits are equally visible into real world scenarios.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_Luglio_Montagna.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260221