Poultry manure represents a biomass of great interest for energy production and nutrient recovery, but its high nitrogen content can cause environmental and operational problems related to the presence of ammonium and ammonia. In this context, nitrogen recovery using sustainable technologies plays a fundamental role in the circular economy. The aim of this thesis was to study the removal and recovery of ammonium ions from poultry-simulating matrices by ion exchange using the strong cationic resin Amberlyst® 15. To progressively reproduce the characteristics of the real matrix, synthetic solutions of increasing complexity containing ammonium, competing ions (Na+ and K+) and glycerol, used to increase the viscosity of the solution, were prepared. Particular attention was paid to optimizing the resin regeneration phase by comparing different desorbing agents, such as nitric, phosphoric and sulfuric acid. During the study, different analytical methods for the determination of ammonium were also compared. After a preliminary step based on the indophenol method and UV-VIS analysis, the salicylate method combined with the Synergy H1 microplate reader was adopted, which ensured greater stability and reproducibility of the results. The most representative operating conditions were subjected to replicate tests to verify their reproducibility and the resin samples were characterized by SEM and EDS analysis, confirming the effectiveness of the adsorption-desorption cycles and the preservation of the resin properties.
La pollina rappresenta una biomassa di grande interesse per la produzione di energia e il recupero di nutrienti, ma il suo elevato contenuto di azoto può causare problematiche ambientali e operative legate alla presenza di ammonio e ammoniaca. In questo contesto, il recupero dell’azoto mediante tecnologie sostenibili assume un ruolo fondamentale nell’ambito dell’economia circolare. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è stato quello di studiare la rimozione e il recupero degli ioni ammonio da matrici simulanti la pollina mediante scambio ionico utilizzando la resina cationica Amberlyst® 15. Per riprodurre progressivamente le caratteristiche della matrice reale, sono state preparate soluzioni sintetiche a complessità crescente contenenti ammonio, ioni competitori (Na+ e K+) e glicerolo, impiegato per incrementare la viscosità della soluzione. Particolare attenzione è stata dedicata all’ottimizzazione della fase di rigenerazione della resina mediante il confronto tra diversi agenti desorbenti, quali acido nitrico, fosforico e solforico. Nel corso dello studio sono stati inoltre confrontati differenti metodi analitici per la determinazione dell’ammonio. Dopo una fase preliminare basata sul metodo dell’indofenolo e analisi UV-VIS, è stato adottato il metodo del salicilato associato al lettore di micropiastre Synergy H1, che ha garantito maggiore stabilità e riproducibilità dei risultati. Le condizioni operative più rappresentative sono state sottoposte a prove replicate per verificarne la riproducibilità e i campioni di resina sono stati caratterizzati mediante analisi SEM ed EDS, confermando l’efficacia dei cicli di adsorbimento-desorbimento e la conservazione delle proprietà della resina.
Ammonium removal and recovery from poultry manure through ion exchange: optimization of resin regeneration and feed simulation
NARDINOCCHI, SOFIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Poultry manure represents a biomass of great interest for energy production and nutrient recovery, but its high nitrogen content can cause environmental and operational problems related to the presence of ammonium and ammonia. In this context, nitrogen recovery using sustainable technologies plays a fundamental role in the circular economy. The aim of this thesis was to study the removal and recovery of ammonium ions from poultry-simulating matrices by ion exchange using the strong cationic resin Amberlyst® 15. To progressively reproduce the characteristics of the real matrix, synthetic solutions of increasing complexity containing ammonium, competing ions (Na+ and K+) and glycerol, used to increase the viscosity of the solution, were prepared. Particular attention was paid to optimizing the resin regeneration phase by comparing different desorbing agents, such as nitric, phosphoric and sulfuric acid. During the study, different analytical methods for the determination of ammonium were also compared. After a preliminary step based on the indophenol method and UV-VIS analysis, the salicylate method combined with the Synergy H1 microplate reader was adopted, which ensured greater stability and reproducibility of the results. The most representative operating conditions were subjected to replicate tests to verify their reproducibility and the resin samples were characterized by SEM and EDS analysis, confirming the effectiveness of the adsorption-desorption cycles and the preservation of the resin properties.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Executive Summary Sofia Nardinocchi 10730434.pdf
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Tesi Sofia Nardinocchi 10730434.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260298