Since rail transportation is competing with individual transport, cars on short distances and airplanes on long distances, increasing passenger comfort is a strong trend requiring more space and higher levels of auxiliary power on trains. Onboard power consumers include, for example, air conditioning, automatic doors, lights, laptops and other electronic equipment of passengers. Nowadays, conventional line frequency transformers (LFTs) are widely spread in electrical systems, providing basic functionalities such as voltage isolation and voltage adaptation. However, to deal with power quality problems, for example harmonics, at medium voltage (MV) levels, there is a need for the installation of additional equipment, usually some power electronics converter operating at higher switching frequencies. This leads to a further increase in the overall installation volume, which in certain applications may not be feasible. Currently, in low voltage applications, line frequency operated transformers have mostly been replaced by High Frequency Transformers (HFTs) where high frequency waveforms are applied directly to the transformer terminals. Also in MV high power applications, as in railway systems, to address the needs of increased power levels, Power Electronic Transformer (PET) based on modular converters and high frequency transformers (HFT) represents a breakthrough solution to replace the bulky, heavy and voluminous conventional line frequency transformer. More space for passengers and/or freight is indeed an important issue on trains, which translates directly into economic benefits. To reach these advantages, this thesis designs and analyses, using MATLAB/Simulink, a modular PET-based converter system, more precisely a high frequency transformer integrated with a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), for the propulsion of the motors of a 25 kV 50 Hz railway line. The main idea, here, is to increase the transformer frequency significantly by applying power electronics so that the transformer size, weight and cost will shrink accordingly, reducing the overall magnetic volume and reaching more compact converter designs. Moreover, two different control approaches have been developed to ensure stability and efficient energy management. The simulation results validate that the MMC-HFT architecture successfully replaces the conventional LFT.
Poiché il trasporto ferroviario è attualmente in forte concorrenza con il trasporto individuale, automobili sulle brevi distanze e aerei sulle lunghe distanze, l'aumento del comfort dei passeggeri rappresenta una tendenza forte che richiede spazio aggiuntivo e livelli più elevati di alimentazione ausiliaria a bordo dei treni. Tra i dispositivi che consumano energia a bordo figurano, ad esempio, l'aria condizionata, le porte automatiche, l'illuminazione, i computer portatili e altre apparecchiature elettroniche dei passeggeri. Oggigiorno, i trasformatori convenzionali a frequenza di rete (LFT) sono ampiamente diffusi nei sistemi elettrici e forniscono funzionalità di base quali l'isolamento e l'adattamento di tensione. Tuttavia, per affrontare i problemi legati alla qualità dell'energia – quali le armoniche – a livelli di media tensione (MT), è necessario installare apparecchiature aggiuntive, in genere convertitori elettronici di potenza che operano a frequenze di commutazione più elevate. Ciò comporta un ulteriore aumento dell'ingombro dell'impianto, che in alcune applicazioni potrebbe non essere fattibile. Attualmente, nelle applicazioni a bassa tensione, i trasformatori a frequenza di rete sono stati in gran parte sostituiti dai trasformatori ad alta frequenza (HFT), in cui le forme d’onda ad alta frequenza vengono applicate direttamente ai terminali del trasformatore. Analogamente, nelle applicazioni MT ad alta potenza, come i sistemi ferroviari, per soddisfare la richiesta di livelli di potenza più elevati, i trasformatori elettronici di potenza (PET) – basati su convertitori modulari e trasformatori ad alta frequenza – rappresentano una soluzione innovativa per sostituire i trasformatori a frequenza di rete convenzionali: ingombranti, pesanti e che occupano molto spazio. Maggiore spazio per i passeggeri e/o le merci rappresenta infatti una questione importante sui treni, che si traduce direttamente in vantaggi economici. Al fine di ottenere tali vantaggi, la presente tesi progetta e analizza un sistema di convertitori modulari basato sulla tecnologia PET per la propulsione dei motori di una linea ferroviaria a 25 kV 50 Hz. L’idea principale è quella di aumentare significativamente la frequenza del trasformatore mediante l’applicazione dell’elettronica di potenza, in modo che le dimensioni, il peso e il costo del trasformatore si riducano di conseguenza, consentendo così di ridurre il volume magnetico complessivo e di ottenere convertitori dal design più compatto. Inoltre, sono stati sviluppati due diversi approcci di controllo per garantire la stabilità e una gestione efficiente dell’energia. I risultati della simulazione confermano che l’architettura MMC-HFT sostituisce con successo il trasformatore convenzionale LFT, apportando i sopracitati benefici.
High frequency transformer integrated in an interleaved modular multilevel converter for ac railway application
Marguccio, Alice
2025/2026
Abstract
Since rail transportation is competing with individual transport, cars on short distances and airplanes on long distances, increasing passenger comfort is a strong trend requiring more space and higher levels of auxiliary power on trains. Onboard power consumers include, for example, air conditioning, automatic doors, lights, laptops and other electronic equipment of passengers. Nowadays, conventional line frequency transformers (LFTs) are widely spread in electrical systems, providing basic functionalities such as voltage isolation and voltage adaptation. However, to deal with power quality problems, for example harmonics, at medium voltage (MV) levels, there is a need for the installation of additional equipment, usually some power electronics converter operating at higher switching frequencies. This leads to a further increase in the overall installation volume, which in certain applications may not be feasible. Currently, in low voltage applications, line frequency operated transformers have mostly been replaced by High Frequency Transformers (HFTs) where high frequency waveforms are applied directly to the transformer terminals. Also in MV high power applications, as in railway systems, to address the needs of increased power levels, Power Electronic Transformer (PET) based on modular converters and high frequency transformers (HFT) represents a breakthrough solution to replace the bulky, heavy and voluminous conventional line frequency transformer. More space for passengers and/or freight is indeed an important issue on trains, which translates directly into economic benefits. To reach these advantages, this thesis designs and analyses, using MATLAB/Simulink, a modular PET-based converter system, more precisely a high frequency transformer integrated with a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), for the propulsion of the motors of a 25 kV 50 Hz railway line. The main idea, here, is to increase the transformer frequency significantly by applying power electronics so that the transformer size, weight and cost will shrink accordingly, reducing the overall magnetic volume and reaching more compact converter designs. Moreover, two different control approaches have been developed to ensure stability and efficient energy management. The simulation results validate that the MMC-HFT architecture successfully replaces the conventional LFT.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Maguccio_Thesis.pdf
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Descrizione: testo tesi
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2026_07_Marguccio_Executive_Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: executive summary
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1.12 MB
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1.12 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260324