Coherent Raman microscopy is a non-invasive and chemically specific imaging technique that stimulates the sample’s molecules vibrational response through the non-linear interaction of two lasers, the pump and the Stokes beams. This thesis work was carried out at Cambridge Raman Imaging, a company born to bring the technique from the laboratories to the market, and contributes to the improvement of the performances of the proprietary COherent RAman pLatform (CORAL) on two fronts. The first part of the work focuses on the development of a pipeline for the spectral segmentation and quantitative analysis of hyperspectral images of microplastics. Material identification was performed by comparing the measured spectra to corresponding spontaneous Raman ones, while size estimation was carried out exploiting the morphological features of the imaged particles. The method was tested on reference samples of different types of microplastics, as well as on a mixed sample. The results show good discrimination capability among polymer classes and a size estimation consistent with the nominal particles dimensions, with a mean absolute error of 1.16 µm even under high particle-density conditions. The second part of the work focuses on a feedback system for the active stabilization of the Stokes beam pointing. Starting from the measurement of the thermal drift of the beam, an alignment tolerance of 100 µm for the beam position on a reference mirror and of 100 µrad for the inclination with respect to the optical axis was defined. An active correction system was then implemented, based on two position-sensitive detectors (PSD), used to measure the beam position and angle, and on two fast steering mirrors (FSM), used to correct the beam pointing. After an initial evaluation of an existing optical configuration, the main limitations preventing automatic convergence were identified. A new setup was then designed, implemented and tested and the control algorithm was improved. The experimental results show the correct operation of the system for both static offset displacements and continuous drift, with an accuracy compatible with the alignment requirements.
La microscopia Raman coerente è una tecnica di imaging non invasiva e chimicamente specifica, che stimola la risposta vibrazionale delle molecole del campione attraverso l’interazione non lineare di due laser, pump e Stokes. Questa tesi è stata svolta presso Cambridge Raman Imaging, un’azienda nata con l’obiettivo di portare questa tecnica dai laboratori al mercato, e contribuisce al miglioramento delle prestazioni della piattaforma proprietaria COherent RAman pLatform (CORAL) su due fronti. La prima parte riguarda lo sviluppo di una pipeline per la segmentazione spettrale e l’analisi quantitativa di immagini iperspettrali di microplastiche. L’identificazione è stata effettuata confrontando gli spettri con i corrispondenti spettri Raman spontanei di riferimento, mentre la stima dimensionale è stata eseguita sfruttando le caratteristiche morfologiche delle particelle. Il metodo è stato testato su campioni di riferimento di diverse microplastiche, oltre che su un campione misto. I risultati mostrano una buona capacità di discriminazione tra classi polimeriche e una stima dimensionale coerente con le dimensioni nominali delle particelle, con un errore assoluto medio pari a 1.16 µm anche in condizioni di elevata densità particellare. La seconda parte si concentra su un sistema di feedback per la stabilizzazione attiva del puntamento del fascio Stokes. A partire dalla misura del drift termico del fascio, è stata definita una tolleranza di allineamento pari a 100 µm per la posizione del fascio su uno specchio di riferimento e a 100 µrad per l’inclinazione rispetto all’asse ottico. È stato implementato un sistema di correzione attiva basato su due position-sensitive detectors (PSD), utilizzati per misurare posizione e angolo, e su due fast steering mirrors (FSM), impiegati per correggere il puntamento. Dopo una valutazione di una configurazione ottica già esistente, sono state individuate le limitazioni che impedivano la convergenza automatica del sistema. Successivamente è stata progettata, implementata e testata una nuova configurazione, e migliorato l’algoritmo di controllo. I risultati sperimentali mostrano il corretto funzionamento del sistema sia per spostamenti statici rispetto alla posizione nominale sia per drift continuo, con un’accuratezza compatibile con i requisiti di allineamento. Parole chiave: microscopia Raman coerente; immagini iperspettrali; microplastiche; puntamento laser; stabilità del fascio; correzione attiva.
Microplastics data analysis and laser pointing stabilization for coherent Raman microscopy
Gilardi, Sara
2025/2026
Abstract
Coherent Raman microscopy is a non-invasive and chemically specific imaging technique that stimulates the sample’s molecules vibrational response through the non-linear interaction of two lasers, the pump and the Stokes beams. This thesis work was carried out at Cambridge Raman Imaging, a company born to bring the technique from the laboratories to the market, and contributes to the improvement of the performances of the proprietary COherent RAman pLatform (CORAL) on two fronts. The first part of the work focuses on the development of a pipeline for the spectral segmentation and quantitative analysis of hyperspectral images of microplastics. Material identification was performed by comparing the measured spectra to corresponding spontaneous Raman ones, while size estimation was carried out exploiting the morphological features of the imaged particles. The method was tested on reference samples of different types of microplastics, as well as on a mixed sample. The results show good discrimination capability among polymer classes and a size estimation consistent with the nominal particles dimensions, with a mean absolute error of 1.16 µm even under high particle-density conditions. The second part of the work focuses on a feedback system for the active stabilization of the Stokes beam pointing. Starting from the measurement of the thermal drift of the beam, an alignment tolerance of 100 µm for the beam position on a reference mirror and of 100 µrad for the inclination with respect to the optical axis was defined. An active correction system was then implemented, based on two position-sensitive detectors (PSD), used to measure the beam position and angle, and on two fast steering mirrors (FSM), used to correct the beam pointing. After an initial evaluation of an existing optical configuration, the main limitations preventing automatic convergence were identified. A new setup was then designed, implemented and tested and the control algorithm was improved. The experimental results show the correct operation of the system for both static offset displacements and continuous drift, with an accuracy compatible with the alignment requirements.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Gilardi_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi
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2026_07_Gilardi_Executive_Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260448