In this thesis, the significance of the role of startups in smart cities is studied using the methodology of big data analysis for the period of 2021 to 2025. Although current research related to smart cities concentrates mostly on digital technologies and technology providers, very little emphasis is put on startups and their potential contributions to innovations in urban settings. This thesis aims to fill that gap by creating the first database on smart city startups that analyzes information gathered on 831 startups from across the globe using Crunchbase as its main source. This research utilizes a quantitative descriptive approach and proposes the Capital-Density Matrix, which is a model that categorizes different verticals within a smart city based on entrepreneurial density and capital intensity. From the results, it becomes evident that startup development occurs predominantly within the sectors that are both scalable and digital in nature, for example Smart Mobility, while those related to infrastructure have relatively low numbers of startups despite high levels of investment. Overall, the research demonstrates that startups play a key role in urban innovation while revealing structural imbalances between entrepreneurial activity and capital allocation across smart city domains.
In questa tesi viene analizzata l'importanza del ruolo delle startup nelle smart city attraverso una metodologia di analisi dei big data relativa al periodo 2021–2025. Sebbene la ricerca attuale sulle smart city si concentri principalmente sulle tecnologie digitali e sui fornitori di tecnologia, viene dedicata ancora poca attenzione alle startup e al loro potenziale contributo all'innovazione nei contesti urbani. Questa tesi mira a colmare tale lacuna creando il primo database dedicato alle startup delle smart city, analizzando le informazioni raccolte su 831 startup provenienti da tutto il mondo, utilizzando Crunchbase come principale fonte di dati. La ricerca adotta un approccio quantitativo descrittivo e propone la Matrice Capitale-Densità (Capital-Density Matrix), un modello che classifica i diversi verticali delle smart city sulla base della densità imprenditoriale e dell'intensità di capitale. I risultati evidenziano come lo sviluppo delle startup si concentri prevalentemente nei settori caratterizzati da elevata scalabilità e natura digitale, come la Smart Mobility, mentre i settori legati alle infrastrutture presentano un numero relativamente ridotto di startup nonostante gli elevati livelli di investimento. Nel complesso, la ricerca dimostra che le startup svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nell'innovazione urbana, mettendo al contempo in luce gli squilibri strutturali esistenti tra attività imprenditoriale e allocazione del capitale nei diversi ambiti delle smart city.
Smart cities startups: a global analysis of entrepreneurial activity and urban innovation
ELGAYAR, IBRAHIM MOHAMED SHERIF IBRAHIM KAMEL
2025/2026
Abstract
In this thesis, the significance of the role of startups in smart cities is studied using the methodology of big data analysis for the period of 2021 to 2025. Although current research related to smart cities concentrates mostly on digital technologies and technology providers, very little emphasis is put on startups and their potential contributions to innovations in urban settings. This thesis aims to fill that gap by creating the first database on smart city startups that analyzes information gathered on 831 startups from across the globe using Crunchbase as its main source. This research utilizes a quantitative descriptive approach and proposes the Capital-Density Matrix, which is a model that categorizes different verticals within a smart city based on entrepreneurial density and capital intensity. From the results, it becomes evident that startup development occurs predominantly within the sectors that are both scalable and digital in nature, for example Smart Mobility, while those related to infrastructure have relatively low numbers of startups despite high levels of investment. Overall, the research demonstrates that startups play a key role in urban innovation while revealing structural imbalances between entrepreneurial activity and capital allocation across smart city domains.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_7_ELGAYAR.pdf
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Descrizione: Master's Degree Thesis of Ibrahim ElGayar titled 'Smart Cities Startups: A Global Analysis of Entrepreneurial Activity and Urban Innovation'
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260526