Distribution nozzles represent a critical component of cooling towers, as they directly affect the thermal performance of the system through the degree of uniformity of the spray pattern produced. Within this context, the present thesis was carried out at the R&D department of SPIG S.p.A., a company operating in the field of industrial cooling systems, with the aim of developing a new nozzle configuration to complement the company’s reference solutions. The work begins with an investigation of the state of the art of cooling tower distribution nozzles, examining their operating principles, design criteria, and performance assessment methodologies. This is followed by an analysis of the technologies adopted within the company and, finally, by a description of the specific development project conducted internally. The experimental activity focused on the iterative optimization of a static impact nozzle through successive stages of 3D prototyping and experimental testing in a dedicated test chamber. Attention was devoted to the evaluation of the distribution patterns generated by the progressively developed prototypes, assessed by means of uniformity measurements. The results show that the numerous design modifications implemented throughout the development process led only to limited performance improvements, while significantly increasing the geometric complexity of the original component. These findings highlight the general need, in the context of effective component optimization, for a thorough understanding of both the contribution of individual functional elements and their mutual interaction.
Gli ugelli di distribuzione rappresentano un componente critico delle torri di raffreddamento, in quanto direttamente impattanti sulle prestazioni termiche del sistema attraverso il grado di uniformità del getto prodotto. In tale contesto si inserisce il presente lavoro di tesi, svolto presso il reparto R&D di SPIG S.p.A., azienda operante nel settore dei sistemi di raffreddamento industriali, con l’obiettivo di sviluppare una nuova configurazione di ugello da affiancare alle soluzioni di riferimento. La trattazione prende avvio da un’indagine dello stato dell’arte degli ugelli di distribuzione, approfondendone principi di funzionamento, criteri progettuali e metodologie di valutazione delle prestazioni, per poi analizzare le tecnologie adottate nella realtà aziendale e descrivere, infine, lo specifico progetto di sviluppo condotto internamente. Quest’ultimo si è concentrato sull’ottimizzazione iterativa di un ugello statico a impatto attraverso successive fasi di prototipazione 3D e test sperimentali in una camera di prova dedicata. Particolare attenzione è stata rivolta alla valutazione della distribuzione dei prototipi progressivamente sviluppati, effettuata mediante misure di uniformità. I risultati ottenuti mostrano come i molteplici interventi di modifica attuati abbiano comportato soltanto limitati miglioramenti prestazionali, a fronte di un significativo incremento della complessità geometrica rispetto al componente di partenza. Ciò evidenzia la generale necessità, ai fini di un’efficace ottimizzazione, di una corretta comprensione del contributo dei singoli elementi funzionali e della loro interconnessione.
Processo di sviluppo di un ugello di distribuzione per torri di raffreddamento: applicazione al caso di un nuovo ugello statico
CAMPOLO, RICCARDO
2025/2026
Abstract
Distribution nozzles represent a critical component of cooling towers, as they directly affect the thermal performance of the system through the degree of uniformity of the spray pattern produced. Within this context, the present thesis was carried out at the R&D department of SPIG S.p.A., a company operating in the field of industrial cooling systems, with the aim of developing a new nozzle configuration to complement the company’s reference solutions. The work begins with an investigation of the state of the art of cooling tower distribution nozzles, examining their operating principles, design criteria, and performance assessment methodologies. This is followed by an analysis of the technologies adopted within the company and, finally, by a description of the specific development project conducted internally. The experimental activity focused on the iterative optimization of a static impact nozzle through successive stages of 3D prototyping and experimental testing in a dedicated test chamber. Attention was devoted to the evaluation of the distribution patterns generated by the progressively developed prototypes, assessed by means of uniformity measurements. The results show that the numerous design modifications implemented throughout the development process led only to limited performance improvements, while significantly increasing the geometric complexity of the original component. These findings highlight the general need, in the context of effective component optimization, for a thorough understanding of both the contribution of individual functional elements and their mutual interaction.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Campolo.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260563