The fashion industry is currently one of the production sectors with the greatest environmental and social impact due to its high consumption of resources, the use of potentially harmful chemicals, the overproduction of low-cost goods, and the challenges associated with the end-of-life management of textile products. Among the main issues to be addressed is the recycling of blended materials, particularly polycotton, whose heterogeneous composition makes the application of currently available recovery technologies particularly difficult. Within this context, the present research explores the possibility of valorizing waste generated from polycotton recycling through the development of a thermoplastic composite material made from recycled PET powder and cotton fibers recovered from the same waste streams. The material was developed using the separated fractions obtained during mechanical polycotton recycling processes, which allow the recovery of the individual components but not the reconstruction of the original textile fibers. Following an initial analysis of the evolution of the fashion industry, the environmental issues associated with textile production, and the challenges related to polycotton recycling, the study focuses on the design and experimental development of a new material intended for the outer shell of urban bicycle helmets. This application was selected because it offers an opportunity to valorize a material derived from recycled resources that is unlikely to be further recyclable, employing it in a sector where, for safety reasons, components are generally not recovered at the end of their service life and are traditionally manufactured from virgin polymeric materials. The experimental phase involved the production of composite panels through hot-press molding, followed by mechanical characterization and microstructural analysis. The results confirmed the technical feasibility of the process and demonstrated the possibility of transforming the available waste streams into workable composite products. However, mechanical and microscopic analyses revealed limitations related to the adhesion between matrix and reinforcement, as well as the presence of structural defects, which currently constrain the material’s performance compared with conventional alternatives. Nevertheless, the significance of this research lies not only in the performance achieved, but also in validating a design approach aimed at valorizing textile waste streams that are particularly difficult to recycle. The study contributes to the identification of the main technical and manufacturing challenges that must be addressed in the future development of sustainable materials based on recovered polycotton waste.
L’industria della moda rappresenta oggi uno dei settori produttivi a maggiore impatto ambientale e sociale a causa dell’elevato consumo di risorse, dell’utilizzo di sostanze chimiche potenzialmente nocive, della sovrapproduzione di beni a basso costo e delle criticità associate alla gestione del fine vita dei prodotti tessili. Tra le sfide principali da affrontare vi è il riciclo dei materiali misti, in particolare del policotone, la cui composizione eterogenea rende complessa l’applicazione delle tecnologie di recupero attualmente disponibili. In questo contesto, la presente ricerca esplora la possibilità di valorizzare gli scarti derivanti dal riciclo del policotone attraverso lo sviluppo di un materiale composito termoplastico ottenuto da polvere di PET riciclato e fibre di cotone recuperate dagli stessi flussi di scarto. Il materiale è stato sviluppato a partire dalle frazioni separate ottenute durante i processi di riciclo meccanico del policotone, che consentono il recupero dei componenti ma non la ricostituzione delle fibre tessili originarie. Dopo una prima fase di analisi dedicata all’evoluzione dell’industria della moda, alle problematiche ambientali associate alla produzione tessile e alle sfide legate al riciclo del policotone, il lavoro si concentra sulla progettazione e la sperimentazione di un nuovo materiale destinato alla realizzazione della scocca esterna di caschi da bicicletta urbani. Tale applicazione è stata scelta in quanto consente di valorizzare un materiale derivato da risorse riciclate e probabilmente non ulteriormente riciclabile, utilizzandolo in un settore in cui, per ragioni di sicurezza, i componenti non vengono generalmente recuperati a fine vita e sono tradizionalmente realizzati con materiali polimerici vergini. La fase sperimentale ha previsto la realizzazione di pannelli compositi mediante stampaggio a caldo, la loro caratterizzazione meccanica e l’analisi della microstruttura. I risultati ottenuti hanno confermato la fattibilità tecnica del processo e la possibilità di trasformare gli scarti disponibili in manufatti compositi lavorabili. Le analisi meccaniche e microscopiche hanno però evidenziato criticità legate all’adesione tra matrice e rinforzo e alla presenza di difetti strutturali, che limitano attualmente le prestazioni del materiale rispetto alle soluzioni convenzionali. L’interesse della ricerca, tuttavia, non risiede esclusivamente nelle prestazioni raggiunte, ma anche nella verifica della validità di un approccio progettuale orientato alla valorizzazione di flussi di scarto tessile difficilmente riciclabili. Il lavoro contribuisce a individuare le principali criticità tecniche e produttive da affrontare per lo sviluppo di futuri materiali sostenibili basati sul recupero del policotone.
LoopMatter : upcycling di scarti tessili in policotone attraverso lo sviluppo sperimentale di un composito per applicazioni protettive
De Angelis, Laura
2025/2026
Abstract
The fashion industry is currently one of the production sectors with the greatest environmental and social impact due to its high consumption of resources, the use of potentially harmful chemicals, the overproduction of low-cost goods, and the challenges associated with the end-of-life management of textile products. Among the main issues to be addressed is the recycling of blended materials, particularly polycotton, whose heterogeneous composition makes the application of currently available recovery technologies particularly difficult. Within this context, the present research explores the possibility of valorizing waste generated from polycotton recycling through the development of a thermoplastic composite material made from recycled PET powder and cotton fibers recovered from the same waste streams. The material was developed using the separated fractions obtained during mechanical polycotton recycling processes, which allow the recovery of the individual components but not the reconstruction of the original textile fibers. Following an initial analysis of the evolution of the fashion industry, the environmental issues associated with textile production, and the challenges related to polycotton recycling, the study focuses on the design and experimental development of a new material intended for the outer shell of urban bicycle helmets. This application was selected because it offers an opportunity to valorize a material derived from recycled resources that is unlikely to be further recyclable, employing it in a sector where, for safety reasons, components are generally not recovered at the end of their service life and are traditionally manufactured from virgin polymeric materials. The experimental phase involved the production of composite panels through hot-press molding, followed by mechanical characterization and microstructural analysis. The results confirmed the technical feasibility of the process and demonstrated the possibility of transforming the available waste streams into workable composite products. However, mechanical and microscopic analyses revealed limitations related to the adhesion between matrix and reinforcement, as well as the presence of structural defects, which currently constrain the material’s performance compared with conventional alternatives. Nevertheless, the significance of this research lies not only in the performance achieved, but also in validating a design approach aimed at valorizing textile waste streams that are particularly difficult to recycle. The study contributes to the identification of the main technical and manufacturing challenges that must be addressed in the future development of sustainable materials based on recovered polycotton waste.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260617