High-entropy alloy thin films have shown promising mechanical properties, but combining a high strength with a good plastic deformability remains a challenge, as these two properties are usually mutually exclusive. A strategy to overcome this trade-off is the design of nanolaminates, where two materials are alternated in thin layers and the resulting interfaces hinder the motion of dislocations, providing additional strengthening without compromising the plasticity. In this work, this strategy is applied by coupling aluminum with CoCrCuFeNi, used as a model high entropy alloy, to fabricate Al/HEA nanolaminates. Two different alloy phases are considered, a face-centered cubic (FCC) and a body-centered cubic (BCC) one, the latter obtained by the addition of aluminum to the alloy, in order to assess the role of the crystalline structure of the harder phase. The nanolaminates are produced by two deposition techniques, magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition, and the bilayer period is varied to study its influence on the microstructure and on the mechanical behavior. The main challenge is to understand how the architecture of these systems, namely the interface density, the choice of the alloy phase and the deposition technique, can be exploited to control their mechanical response. The samples are characterized from the structural, chemical and mechanical points of view, combining the analysis of the microstructure and of the interfaces with the measurement of their elastic and plastic properties. The results show that the nanolaminates reach yield strengths well above those of their constituents while preserving a good plastic deformability, and that both the choice of the alloy phase and of the deposition technique offer effective ways to tune their microstructure and mechanical behavior. Among the main results, the nanolaminates produced by both deposition techniques show a homogeneous co-deformation of the layers, which suggests strong interfaces. The FCC/FCC and FCC/BCC systems achieve good mechanical properties, in terms of both hardness and yield strength, while the analysis of their interfaces reveals sharp transitions between the layers. Finally, the samples deposited by pulsed laser deposition reach a yield strength well above that of the monolithic constituents, whose trend allows the different strengthening regimes to be recognized, together with a high hardness and a nanocrystalline structure.
I film sottili di leghe ad alta entropia hanno mostrato proprietà meccaniche promettenti, ma combinare un'elevata resistenza con una buona deformabilità plastica rimane una sfida, dal momento che queste due proprietà sono solitamente mutuamente esclusive. Una strategia per superare questo compromesso è la progettazione di nanolaminati, in cui due materiali sono alternati in strati sottili e le interfacce che ne risultano ostacolano il moto delle dislocazioni, fornendo un rafforzamento aggiuntivo senza compromettere la plasticità. In questo lavoro, tale strategia è applicata accoppiando l'alluminio con il CoCrCuFeNi, utilizzato come lega ad alta entropia modello, per fabbricare nanolaminati Al/HEA. Sono considerate due diverse fasi della lega, una cubica a facce centrate (FCC) e una cubica a corpo centrato (BCC), quest'ultima ottenuta mediante l'aggiunta di alluminio alla lega FCC, allo scopo di valutare il ruolo della struttura cristallina della fase più dura. I nanolaminati sono prodotti mediante due tecniche di deposizione, il magnetron sputtering e la pulsed laser deposition, e il bilayer period viene variato per studiarne l'influenza sulla microstruttura e sul comportamento meccanico. La sfida principale è comprendere come l'architettura di questi sistemi, ovvero la densità delle interfacce, la scelta della fase della lega e la tecnica di deposizione, possa essere sfruttata per controllarne la risposta meccanica. I campioni sono caratterizzati dal punto di vista strutturale, chimico e meccanico, combinando l'analisi della microstruttura e delle interfacce con la misura delle loro proprietà elastiche e plastiche. I risultati mostrano che i nanolaminati raggiungono valori di snervamento ben superiori a quelli dei loro costituenti, pur preservando una buona deformabilità plastica, e che sia la scelta della fase della lega sia quella della tecnica di deposizione offrono modi efficaci per modulare la loro microstruttura e il loro comportamento meccanico. Tra i principali risultati, i nanolaminati prodotti con entrambe le tecniche di deposizione mostrano una co-deformazione omogenea degli strati, che indica la presenza di interfacce resistenti. I sistemi FCC/FCC e FCC/BCC prodotti da sputtering raggiungono buone proprietà meccaniche, sia in termini di durezza sia di punto di snervamento, mentre l'analisi delle loro interfacce rivela transizioni nette tra gli strati. Infine, i campioni depositati mediante pulsed laser deposition raggiungono valori di snervamento ben superiori a quelli dei costituenti monolitici, il cui andamento permette di riconoscere i diversi regimi di rafforzamento, insieme a un'elevata durezza e a una struttura nanocristallina.
Synthesis and micromechanical characterization of nanostructured high entropy alloy thin films
Gonelli, Luca
2025/2026
Abstract
High-entropy alloy thin films have shown promising mechanical properties, but combining a high strength with a good plastic deformability remains a challenge, as these two properties are usually mutually exclusive. A strategy to overcome this trade-off is the design of nanolaminates, where two materials are alternated in thin layers and the resulting interfaces hinder the motion of dislocations, providing additional strengthening without compromising the plasticity. In this work, this strategy is applied by coupling aluminum with CoCrCuFeNi, used as a model high entropy alloy, to fabricate Al/HEA nanolaminates. Two different alloy phases are considered, a face-centered cubic (FCC) and a body-centered cubic (BCC) one, the latter obtained by the addition of aluminum to the alloy, in order to assess the role of the crystalline structure of the harder phase. The nanolaminates are produced by two deposition techniques, magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition, and the bilayer period is varied to study its influence on the microstructure and on the mechanical behavior. The main challenge is to understand how the architecture of these systems, namely the interface density, the choice of the alloy phase and the deposition technique, can be exploited to control their mechanical response. The samples are characterized from the structural, chemical and mechanical points of view, combining the analysis of the microstructure and of the interfaces with the measurement of their elastic and plastic properties. The results show that the nanolaminates reach yield strengths well above those of their constituents while preserving a good plastic deformability, and that both the choice of the alloy phase and of the deposition technique offer effective ways to tune their microstructure and mechanical behavior. Among the main results, the nanolaminates produced by both deposition techniques show a homogeneous co-deformation of the layers, which suggests strong interfaces. The FCC/FCC and FCC/BCC systems achieve good mechanical properties, in terms of both hardness and yield strength, while the analysis of their interfaces reveals sharp transitions between the layers. Finally, the samples deposited by pulsed laser deposition reach a yield strength well above that of the monolithic constituents, whose trend allows the different strengthening regimes to be recognized, together with a high hardness and a nanocrystalline structure.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260702