The efficacy of blood-contacting cardiovascular medical devices is often compromised by device-induced thrombosis, initiated by platelet adhesion under flow. Beside chemical surface modifications, passive physical mitigation using microstructured topographies has recently attracted significant attention. This thesis presents a numerical study using 2D and 3D simulations utilizing the Boundary Elements Method (BEM) to investigate how asymmetric microstructured walls generate topography-induced non-inertial hemodynamic lift to prevent platelet adhesion. By modeling suspended platelet-like particles as rigid spheres under the Stokes regime in the absence of inertia, the pure topography- induced lift is isolated from shape or deformability effects. In this regime, asymmetric microstructures break the kinematic reversibility of Stokes flow, generating a positive net drift. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, in the near-wall region, asymmetric sawtooth topographies generate a physically relevant repulsive mean drift, comparable to or larger than the red blood cell-induced margination. Additionally, a scaling analysis as a function of the distance from the wall reveals two distinct regimes (near-wall and far-wall) characterized by power-law decays of the lift velocity and mean drift, in agreement with the literature on particle-wall interactions. By driving the cells away from the boundary, this repulsive force inhibits the initial attachment and rolling phase required to form stable bonds, thereby preventing platelet adhesion and revealing a novel mechanism to enhance the hemocompatibility of blood-contacting medical devices.
L’efficacia dei dispositivi medici cardiovascolari a contatto con il sangue è spesso compromessa da trombosi indotta dall’adesione piastrinica sotto flusso. Oltre alle modifiche chimiche superficiali, la mitigazione fisica passiva tramite microstrutture ha recentemente attirato notevole attenzione. Questa tesi presenta uno studio numerico tramite simulazioni 2D/3D e il Metodo degli Elementi al Contorno (BEM) per indagare come pareti microstrutturate asimmetriche generino un sollevamento emodinamico non inerziale che prevenga l’adesione piastrinica. Modellando le particelle simil-piastriniche come sfere rigide in regime di Stokes in assenza di inerzia, si isola il sollevamento indotto dalla topografia da effetti di forma o deformabilità. In questo regime, le microstrutture asimmet- riche rompono la reversibilità cinematica del flusso, generando una deriva netta positiva. Le simulazioni dimostrano che, vicino alla parete, le topografie a dente di sega generano una deriva repulsiva rilevante, comparabile o superiore alla marginazione indotta dai globuli rossi. Inoltre, l’analisi di scala in funzione della distanza dalla parete rivela due distinti regimi (vicino e lontano), caratterizzati da decadimenti a legge di potenza per velocità e deriva media, in accordo con la letteratura sulle interazioni particella-parete. Allontanando le cellule dalla parete, questa forza repulsiva ostacola l’attacco iniziale e il rotolamento necessari per formare legami stabili, prevenendo l’adesione e rivelando un meccanismo innovativo per migliorare l’emocompatibilità dei dispositivi medici.
A numerical study of roughness-induced lifting of platelet-like particles in hemodynamics
MALAGUZZI, GIULIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The efficacy of blood-contacting cardiovascular medical devices is often compromised by device-induced thrombosis, initiated by platelet adhesion under flow. Beside chemical surface modifications, passive physical mitigation using microstructured topographies has recently attracted significant attention. This thesis presents a numerical study using 2D and 3D simulations utilizing the Boundary Elements Method (BEM) to investigate how asymmetric microstructured walls generate topography-induced non-inertial hemodynamic lift to prevent platelet adhesion. By modeling suspended platelet-like particles as rigid spheres under the Stokes regime in the absence of inertia, the pure topography- induced lift is isolated from shape or deformability effects. In this regime, asymmetric microstructures break the kinematic reversibility of Stokes flow, generating a positive net drift. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, in the near-wall region, asymmetric sawtooth topographies generate a physically relevant repulsive mean drift, comparable to or larger than the red blood cell-induced margination. Additionally, a scaling analysis as a function of the distance from the wall reveals two distinct regimes (near-wall and far-wall) characterized by power-law decays of the lift velocity and mean drift, in agreement with the literature on particle-wall interactions. By driving the cells away from the boundary, this repulsive force inhibits the initial attachment and rolling phase required to form stable bonds, thereby preventing platelet adhesion and revealing a novel mechanism to enhance the hemocompatibility of blood-contacting medical devices.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Malaguzzi.pdf
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2026_07_Malaguzzi_Executive_summary.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti a partire dal 01/07/2027
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1.17 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260758