Rapid urbanization, which has characterized contemporary cities, particularly in the Global South, has contributed to the spread of informal settlements, making them a structural component of metropolitan growth. Although they are often perceived as marginal territories separated from the formal city, these contexts represent complex urban systems characterized by a strong collective identity, consolidated social networks, and a remarkable capacity for self-organization. At the same time, they manifest multiple forms of inequality that are reflected in urban space through unequal access to services, public spaces, green infrastructure, mobility networks, and, more broadly, opportunities. This research analyzes the case of Paraisópolis, one of the largest informal settlements in the city of São Paulo and in Brazil, adopting it as a case study to investigate the relationship between urban inequalities, accessibility, and sustainability. The aim of the thesis is to understand how urban design can contribute to strengthening the connections between the informal and the formal city, reducing existing fragmentations and promoting more inclusive and equitable forms of urban development. The research adopts a multidisciplinary approach that combines spatial analyses, field observations, and qualitative interviews conducted within the neighborhood. The analysis examines different aspects of the urban system, including housing density, the distribution of services, green infrastructure, and mobility networks, identifying both the existing vulnerabilities and the latent resources that characterize the territory. From a theoretical perspective, the work draws on the concepts of Social Urbanism and Accessibility through Commoning, moving beyond an understanding of accessibility exclusively as the ability to move and instead interpreting it as a collective process generated through the interaction between communities, infrastructures, public spaces, and everyday practices. Based on these considerations, the design proposal is developed through the reactivation of residual spaces by creating an Activated Urban Corridor, conceived as a social and environmental infrastructure capable of connecting different parts of the neighborhood. The intervention integrates a Mobility Hub, new Community Hubs, adaptive reuse strategies for existing buildings, accessible public spaces, and green infrastructure, giving rise to a network of local centralities capable of combining mobility, services, environmental functions, and opportunities for social interaction. Rather than introducing new independent urban systems, the project is based on strengthening the resources already present within the territory by proposing small-scale, replicable, and community-oriented interventions. The research demonstrates how urban design can become a tool for addressing urban inequalities, promoting social inclusion, increasing environmental resilience, and creating new connections between the informal city and the wider metropolitan system. More broadly, the thesis proposes a transferable approach that could be applied to other informal settlements characterized by similar conditions of vulnerability and urban fragmentation.
La rapida urbanizzazione che ha caratterizzato le città contemporanee, in particolare nel Sud Globale, ha contribuito alla diffusione degli insediamenti informali, rendendoli una componente strutturale della crescita metropolitana. Sebbene siano spesso percepiti come territori marginali e separati dalla città formale, questi contesti rappresentano sistemi urbani complessi, caratterizzati da una forte identità collettiva, da consolidate reti sociali e da una notevole capacità di auto-organizzazione. Allo stesso tempo, essi manifestano molteplici forme di disuguaglianza che si riflettono nello spazio urbano attraverso un accesso disomogeneo ai servizi, agli spazi pubblici, alle infrastrutture verdi, alla rete di mobilità e, più in generale, alle opportunità. La presente ricerca analizza il caso di Paraisópolis, uno dei più grandi insediamenti informali di San Paolo e del Brasile, assumendolo come caso studio per indagare il rapporto tra disuguaglianze urbane, accessibilità e sostenibilità. L'obiettivo della tesi è comprendere come il progetto urbano possa contribuire a rafforzare le connessioni tra città informale e città formale, riducendo le frammentazioni esistenti e promuovendo forme più inclusive ed eque di sviluppo urbano. La ricerca adotta un approccio multidisciplinare che combina analisi spaziali, osservazioni sul campo e interviste qualitative all'interno del quartiere. L'analisi prende in esame diversi aspetti del sistema urbano, tra cui la densità abitativa, la distribuzione dei servizi, le infrastrutture verdi e la rete di mobilità, individuando sia le vulnerabilità esistenti sia le risorse latenti che caratterizzano il territorio. Dal punto di vista teorico, il lavoro si ispira ai concetti di Social Urbanism e Accessibility through Commoning, superando una visione dell'accessibilità intesa esclusivamente come capacità di spostamento e interpretandola invece come un processo collettivo, generato dall'interazione tra comunità, infrastrutture, spazi pubblici e pratiche quotidiane. Sulla base di queste considerazioni, la proposta progettuale si sviluppa attraverso la riattivazione di spazi residuali mediante la creazione di un Activated Urban Corridor, concepito come un'infrastruttura sociale e ambientale capace di mettere in relazione differenti parti del quartiere. L'intervento integra un Mobility Hub, nuovi Community Hubs, strategie di riuso adattivo degli edifici esistenti, spazi pubblici accessibili e infrastrutture verdi, dando origine a una rete di centralità locali in grado di combinare mobilità, servizi, funzioni ambientali e occasioni di socialità. Piuttosto che introdurre nuovi sistemi urbani indipendenti, il progetto si basa sul rafforzamento delle risorse già presenti nel territorio, proponendo interventi di piccola scala, replicabili e orientati alla comunità. La ricerca dimostra come il progetto urbano possa diventare uno strumento per affrontare le disuguaglianze urbane, favorire l'inclusione sociale, aumentare la resilienza ambientale e costruire nuove connessioni tra la città informale e il sistema metropolitano più ampio. Più in generale, la tesi propone un approccio trasferibile che potrebbe essere applicato ad altri insediamenti informali caratterizzati da analoghe condizioni di vulnerabilità e frammentazione urbana.
Addressing inequalities in urban space : a sustainable urban design approach for Paraisópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
Parodi, Jasmine
2025/2026
Abstract
Rapid urbanization, which has characterized contemporary cities, particularly in the Global South, has contributed to the spread of informal settlements, making them a structural component of metropolitan growth. Although they are often perceived as marginal territories separated from the formal city, these contexts represent complex urban systems characterized by a strong collective identity, consolidated social networks, and a remarkable capacity for self-organization. At the same time, they manifest multiple forms of inequality that are reflected in urban space through unequal access to services, public spaces, green infrastructure, mobility networks, and, more broadly, opportunities. This research analyzes the case of Paraisópolis, one of the largest informal settlements in the city of São Paulo and in Brazil, adopting it as a case study to investigate the relationship between urban inequalities, accessibility, and sustainability. The aim of the thesis is to understand how urban design can contribute to strengthening the connections between the informal and the formal city, reducing existing fragmentations and promoting more inclusive and equitable forms of urban development. The research adopts a multidisciplinary approach that combines spatial analyses, field observations, and qualitative interviews conducted within the neighborhood. The analysis examines different aspects of the urban system, including housing density, the distribution of services, green infrastructure, and mobility networks, identifying both the existing vulnerabilities and the latent resources that characterize the territory. From a theoretical perspective, the work draws on the concepts of Social Urbanism and Accessibility through Commoning, moving beyond an understanding of accessibility exclusively as the ability to move and instead interpreting it as a collective process generated through the interaction between communities, infrastructures, public spaces, and everyday practices. Based on these considerations, the design proposal is developed through the reactivation of residual spaces by creating an Activated Urban Corridor, conceived as a social and environmental infrastructure capable of connecting different parts of the neighborhood. The intervention integrates a Mobility Hub, new Community Hubs, adaptive reuse strategies for existing buildings, accessible public spaces, and green infrastructure, giving rise to a network of local centralities capable of combining mobility, services, environmental functions, and opportunities for social interaction. Rather than introducing new independent urban systems, the project is based on strengthening the resources already present within the territory by proposing small-scale, replicable, and community-oriented interventions. The research demonstrates how urban design can become a tool for addressing urban inequalities, promoting social inclusion, increasing environmental resilience, and creating new connections between the informal city and the wider metropolitan system. More broadly, the thesis proposes a transferable approach that could be applied to other informal settlements characterized by similar conditions of vulnerability and urban fragmentation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260786