Device-associated bacterial infections remain a significant clinical challenge, especially when indwelling devices are colonised by microbes and exposed to flow. Local hydrodynamic conditions can influence the residence of bacteria, their attachment to surfaces, the development of biofilms, and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches require controlled platforms that can reproduce flow conditions while enabling the observation of bacterial-antimicrobial interactions. This thesis presents a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) supported microfluidic platform for investigating the behaviour of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within channel geometries designed to mimic protected, low-shear niches. CFD simulations characterised the hydraulic response, wall shear stress (WSS) distribution, and velocity field in both a simple geometry and a cavity design that was representative of a comb-like microchannel. The simulations confirmed stable laminar flow and revealed that the cavity geometry produced localised low WSS regions and reduced velocity renewal in the spaces between the teeth, whereas the main channel maintained a uniform flow field. These results provided a hydrodynamic framework for interpreting bacterial residence and identifying regions that are potentially favourable to colonisation. In parallel, microfluidic chips were fabricated and tested using confocal fluorescence imaging with GFP-labelled P. aeruginosa strains and fluorescently labelled bacteriophages. The experiments confirmed that the microchannels could be populated with bacteria and phages, but also revealed that repeated fluorescence acquisition could induce photobleaching and phototoxicity. Optimisation of the imaging protocol was therefore essential. After reducing laser exposure and adapting the acquisition settings, viable P. aeruginosa 10145-GFP could be monitored for 150 minutes. Cell counts increased from 54 to 168 bacteria, then decreased slightly to 153 cells, following a growth profile similar to a logistic curve. Overall, this work establishes a reproducible platform that combines CFD-based hydrodynamic characterisation with live-cell fluorescence imaging. This provides a basis for future on-chip phage delivery experiments at a single-cell level under controlled flow conditions.
Le infezioni batteriche associate ai dispositivi medici rappresentano una sfida clinica rilevante quando la colonizzazione avviene su dispositivi impiantati esposti a flusso. In questi sistemi, le condizioni idrodinamiche locali influenzano residenza batterica, adesione, biofilm e risposta agli antimicrobici. Servono quindi piattaforme controllate, capaci di riprodurre condizioni di flusso definite e osservare interazioni tra batteri e antimicrobici. Questa tesi ha sviluppato una piattaforma microfluidica supportata da simulazioni Computazionali Fluido Dinamiche (CFD) per investigare il comportamento di Pseudomonas aeruginosa in geometrie progettate per riprodurre nicchie protette a basso shear. Le simulazioni hanno caratterizzato distribuzione dello wall shear stress (WSS) e campo di velocità in una geometria semplice e in una geometria a cavità rappresentativa di un microcanale a pettine. I risultati hanno confermato un flusso laminare stabile e mostrato che la geometria a cavità genera regioni localizzate a basso WSS e ridotto ricambio di fluido nelle aree inter-dente, mentre il canale principale mantiene un campo uniforme. Questi dati forniscono un quadro idrodinamico per interpretare la residenza batterica e identificare regioni favorevoli alla colonizzazione. Parallelamente, sono stati fabbricati chip microfluidici e testati con microscopia confocale, utilizzando ceppi di P. aeruginosa marcati con GFP e batteriofagi fluorescenti. Gli esperimenti hanno confermato la distribuzione di batteri e fagi nei canali, ma hanno anche evidenziato che acquisizioni ripetute potevano indurre fotobleaching e fototossicità. Dopo la riduzione dell’esposizione laser e l’adattamento dei parametri di acquisizione, P. aeruginosa 10145-GFP vitale è stata monitorata per 150 minuti. Il numero di cellule è aumentato da 54 a 168 batteri, per poi diminuire a 153 cellule, seguendo un profilo simil-logistico. Nel complesso, questo lavoro stabilisce una piattaforma riproducibile che combina caratterizzazione idrodinamica CFD e imaging a fluorescenza di cellule vive, fornendo una base per futuri esperimenti di somministrazione di fagi su chip, a risoluzione di singola cellula e in condizioni di flusso controllato.
Development of a CFD-supported microfluidic method for in vitro bacterial imaging
Magnano, Federica
2025/2026
Abstract
Device-associated bacterial infections remain a significant clinical challenge, especially when indwelling devices are colonised by microbes and exposed to flow. Local hydrodynamic conditions can influence the residence of bacteria, their attachment to surfaces, the development of biofilms, and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches require controlled platforms that can reproduce flow conditions while enabling the observation of bacterial-antimicrobial interactions. This thesis presents a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) supported microfluidic platform for investigating the behaviour of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within channel geometries designed to mimic protected, low-shear niches. CFD simulations characterised the hydraulic response, wall shear stress (WSS) distribution, and velocity field in both a simple geometry and a cavity design that was representative of a comb-like microchannel. The simulations confirmed stable laminar flow and revealed that the cavity geometry produced localised low WSS regions and reduced velocity renewal in the spaces between the teeth, whereas the main channel maintained a uniform flow field. These results provided a hydrodynamic framework for interpreting bacterial residence and identifying regions that are potentially favourable to colonisation. In parallel, microfluidic chips were fabricated and tested using confocal fluorescence imaging with GFP-labelled P. aeruginosa strains and fluorescently labelled bacteriophages. The experiments confirmed that the microchannels could be populated with bacteria and phages, but also revealed that repeated fluorescence acquisition could induce photobleaching and phototoxicity. Optimisation of the imaging protocol was therefore essential. After reducing laser exposure and adapting the acquisition settings, viable P. aeruginosa 10145-GFP could be monitored for 150 minutes. Cell counts increased from 54 to 168 bacteria, then decreased slightly to 153 cells, following a growth profile similar to a logistic curve. Overall, this work establishes a reproducible platform that combines CFD-based hydrodynamic characterisation with live-cell fluorescence imaging. This provides a basis for future on-chip phage delivery experiments at a single-cell level under controlled flow conditions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Magnano.pdf
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Descrizione: testo tesi
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2026_07_Magnano_Executive Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260854