Milk has always been considered an essential food in people’s diets. However, animal-based food production is raising increasing ethical and environmental concerns. As a result, new alternative protein sources are being developed. Among the most recent innovations is lab-grown milk, a product obtained through precision fermentation that aims to transform the dairy industry. Through a literature review and a series of interviews conducted with industry experts, the key dynamics characterizing the Italian dairy sector and its related sectors were identified. The information gathered were used to develop a system dynamics model aimed at representing and quantifying the interconnections between milk production and meat production, as well as their effects on the feed and energy sectors. Subsequently, a scenario analysis was conducted to explore different possible future pathways for the dairy-beef system over the period 2025- 2040. The results show that a reduction in traditional milk production can generate effects that extend beyond the dairy sector. Indeed, a decline in the number of dairy cows affects the availability of meat from dairy farms and leads to changes in land occupation and energy consumption. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that different future trends in meat consumption can amplify or mitigate the effects generated by the decline in traditional milk production. This thesis therefore emphasises the importance of adopting a systemic perspective when analysing emerging food innovations, highlighting the need to consider interactions between interconnected systems.
Il latte è da sempre considerato un alimento essenziale nella dieta delle persone. Tuttavia, la produzione di alimenti di origine animale sta generando crescenti preoccupazioni su questioni etiche ed ambientali. Di conseguenza, si stanno sviluppando fonti proteiche alternative. Tra le innovazioni più recenti figura il latte coltivato in laboratorio, un prodotto ottenuto tramite fermentazione di precisione che si propone di trasformare il settore lattiero-caseario. Attraverso una revisione della letteratura ed una serie di interviste condotte con esperti del settore, sono state individuate le principali dinamiche che caratterizzano il settore lattiero-caseario italiano e i settori ad esso collegati. Le informazioni raccolte sono state utilizzate per sviluppare un modello di system dynamics volto a rappresentare e quantificare le interconnessioni tra produzione di latte e produzione di carne bovina, e i loro effetti sui settori mangimistico ed energetico. Successivamente, attraverso una scenario analysis, sono stati esplorati diversi possibili percorsi di evoluzione del sistema latte-carne nel periodo 2025-2040. I risultati mostrano come una riduzione della produzione di latte tradizionale possa generare effetti che si estendono oltre il settore lattiero-caseario. Infatti, una diminuzione di vacche da latte impatta sulla disponibilità di carne bovina proveniente dagli allevamenti da latte e determina cambiamenti nell’uso del suolo e nei fabbisogni energetici. Inoltre, l’analisi dimostra che tendenze future diverse riguardo al consumo di carne bovina possono amplificare o attenuare gli effetti generati dalla riduzione della produzione di latte. Questa tesi sottolinea pertanto l’importanza di adottare una prospettiva sistemica nell’analisi delle innovazioni alimentari emergenti, evidenziando la necessità di considerare le interazioni tra sistemi.
Modeling the transition towards lab-grown milk: future pathways for the italian dairy-beef system
Nosotti, Erica
2025/2026
Abstract
Milk has always been considered an essential food in people’s diets. However, animal-based food production is raising increasing ethical and environmental concerns. As a result, new alternative protein sources are being developed. Among the most recent innovations is lab-grown milk, a product obtained through precision fermentation that aims to transform the dairy industry. Through a literature review and a series of interviews conducted with industry experts, the key dynamics characterizing the Italian dairy sector and its related sectors were identified. The information gathered were used to develop a system dynamics model aimed at representing and quantifying the interconnections between milk production and meat production, as well as their effects on the feed and energy sectors. Subsequently, a scenario analysis was conducted to explore different possible future pathways for the dairy-beef system over the period 2025- 2040. The results show that a reduction in traditional milk production can generate effects that extend beyond the dairy sector. Indeed, a decline in the number of dairy cows affects the availability of meat from dairy farms and leads to changes in land occupation and energy consumption. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that different future trends in meat consumption can amplify or mitigate the effects generated by the decline in traditional milk production. This thesis therefore emphasises the importance of adopting a systemic perspective when analysing emerging food innovations, highlighting the need to consider interactions between interconnected systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Nosotti_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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2026_07_Nosotti_Executive Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260924