This Master of Science thesis explores the thermodynamic potential of the Double CompressionExpansion Engine (DCEE), a split-cycle internal combustion architecture designed to overcome the intrinsic limitations of conventional four, stroke engines. By distributing the processes of compression and expansion across multiple cylinders, specifically utilizing low-pressure (LP) and high-pressure (HP) stages,the DCEE aims to mitigate heat transfer losses and achieve high overall pressure ratios with moderate geometric compression ratios in individual cylinders. The primary focus of this research is the synchronized 4+4 strokes configuration, where buffer tanks are eliminated to allow for instantaneous gas exchange between stages, thereby reducing storage-related dissipations and improving thermodynamic integrity. Using one-dimensional numerical simulations (GT-Power), a detailed model was developed to analyze the engine cycle characteristics, gas-exchange mechanisms, and overall efficiency. The investigation includes a systematic parametric sensitivity analysis to identify optimal operating conditions. The main findings can be summarized as follows: • Efficiency enhancement: The optimized configuration achieved a peak brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 48.66%, driven primarily by an indicated thermal efficiency of 53.92%. • Combustion optimization: The global optimum was identified at a combustion duration of 30 CAD and a spark advance of 10 CAD. • Valve overlap sensitivity: The study demonstrated that while moderate overlap is essential for effective scavenging, removing it causes a 23.8% drop in thermal efficiency, whereas excessive overlap (30◦ ) introduces significant short-circuiting losses. • Performance trade-offs: Prioritizing efficiency resulted in a deliberate reduction in power density, with brake power decreasing from 104.27 kW to 90.7 kW. Despite limitations such as the absence of a knock model and simplified duct geometry, the results confirm that the synchronized DCEE 4+4 architecture holds significant po- tential for achieving thermal efficiencies beyond those of traditional internal combustion engines, positioning it as a promising candidate for future sustainable propulsion systems.
Questa tesi di Laurea Magistrale esplora il potenziale termodinamico del Double CompressionExpansion Engine (DCEE), un’architettura di motore a combustione interna di tipo splitcycle progettata per superare i limiti intrinseci dei tradizionali motori a quattro tempi. Distribuendo i processi di compressione ed espansione su più cilindri, in particolare mediante stadi a bassa pressione (LP) e alta pressione (HP), il DCEE mira a ridurre le perdite per trasferimento termico e a raggiungere elevati rapporti di pressione complessivi con rapporti di compressione geometrici moderati nei singoli cilindri. Il focus principale di questo lavoro è sulla configurazione sincronizzata 4+4 tempi, in cui i serbatoi tampone vengono eliminati per consentire uno scambio di gas istantaneo tra gli stadi, riducendo così le dissipazioni legate allo stoccaggio e migliorando l’integrità termodinamica del ciclo. Attraverso simulazioni numeriche monodimensionali condotte su GT-Power, è stato sviluppato un modello dettagliato per analizzare le caratteristiche del ciclo motore, i meccanismi di scambio dei gas e l’efficienza complessiva. L’indagine include un’analisi parametrica sistematica di sensibilità volta a identificare le condizioni operative ottimali. I principali risultati possono essere riassunti come segue: • Incremento dell’efficienza: La configurazione ottimizzata ha raggiunto un’efficienza termica al freno (BTE) massima del 48,66%, trainata principalmente da un’efficienza termica indicata del 53,92%. • Ottimizzazione della combustione: L’ottimo globale è stato individuato per una durata della combustione pari a 30 CAD e un anticipo di accensione di 10 CAD. • Sensibilità all’overlap delle valvole: Lo studio ha dimostrato che, sebbene un overlap moderato sia essenziale per un efficace lavaggio (scavenging), la sua eliminazione comporta una riduzione del 23,8% dell’efficienza termica, mentre un overlap eccessivo (30◦ ) introduce perdite significative dovute al cortocircuito dei flussi. • Compromessi prestazionali: La priorità data all’efficienza ha comportato una riduzione intenzionale della densità di potenza, con la potenza al freno che diminuisce da 104,27 kW a 90,7 kW. ii | Abstract - Italiano Nonostante alcune limitazioni, quali l’assenza di un modello di knock e una geometria semplificata dei condotti, i risultati confermano che l’architettura DCEE sincronizzata 4+4 presenta un significativo potenziale per raggiungere efficienze termiche superiori rispetto ai motori a combustione interna tradizionali, configurandosi come una soluzione promettente per i sistemi di propulsione sostenibili del futuro.
Synchronized 4+4 strokes Double Compression-Expansion Engine: 1-D simulation and sensitivity analysis
MORERIO, DAVIDE
2025/2026
Abstract
This Master of Science thesis explores the thermodynamic potential of the Double CompressionExpansion Engine (DCEE), a split-cycle internal combustion architecture designed to overcome the intrinsic limitations of conventional four, stroke engines. By distributing the processes of compression and expansion across multiple cylinders, specifically utilizing low-pressure (LP) and high-pressure (HP) stages,the DCEE aims to mitigate heat transfer losses and achieve high overall pressure ratios with moderate geometric compression ratios in individual cylinders. The primary focus of this research is the synchronized 4+4 strokes configuration, where buffer tanks are eliminated to allow for instantaneous gas exchange between stages, thereby reducing storage-related dissipations and improving thermodynamic integrity. Using one-dimensional numerical simulations (GT-Power), a detailed model was developed to analyze the engine cycle characteristics, gas-exchange mechanisms, and overall efficiency. The investigation includes a systematic parametric sensitivity analysis to identify optimal operating conditions. The main findings can be summarized as follows: • Efficiency enhancement: The optimized configuration achieved a peak brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 48.66%, driven primarily by an indicated thermal efficiency of 53.92%. • Combustion optimization: The global optimum was identified at a combustion duration of 30 CAD and a spark advance of 10 CAD. • Valve overlap sensitivity: The study demonstrated that while moderate overlap is essential for effective scavenging, removing it causes a 23.8% drop in thermal efficiency, whereas excessive overlap (30◦ ) introduces significant short-circuiting losses. • Performance trade-offs: Prioritizing efficiency resulted in a deliberate reduction in power density, with brake power decreasing from 104.27 kW to 90.7 kW. Despite limitations such as the absence of a knock model and simplified duct geometry, the results confirm that the synchronized DCEE 4+4 architecture holds significant po- tential for achieving thermal efficiencies beyond those of traditional internal combustion engines, positioning it as a promising candidate for future sustainable propulsion systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Morerio_DCEE_4+4_Extended_Abstract_Final.pdf
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2026_Luglio_Morerio_Master_Thesis.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260939