Temporary Use is an increasingly relevant approach for addressing the phenomena of urban space vacancy and underutilization, as well as for managing processes of spatial transition in Western cities. Over time, it has gradually evolved into a planning and governance tool capable of activating underused spaces, testing future scenarios, and fostering collaboration among a wide range of stakeholders. However, existing studies have paid limited attention to how Temporary Use can be adapted to the Chinese context. As urbanization in China enters a phase characterized by slowing growth and an increasing surplus of urban space, the applicability of Temporary Use as a transitional strategy has become an important yet underexplored issue. This research examines the process of adapting and localizing Temporary Use within the Chinese context, investigating its opportunities and constraints. Methodologically, the study combines a literature review, case study analysis, semi-structured interviews, and an interpretation of institutional dynamics. Three Temporary Use models, namely Pop-up, Test-bed, and Co-lab, are identified to describe different relationships between temporary interventions and long-term urban transformation processes. Representative case studies from Western contexts and Shanghai are subsequently analysed and compared. Based on these analyses, an interpretative framework is developed around three dimensions, namely Space, Process, and Operational Management, in order to evaluate the implementation and outcomes of Temporary Use projects. The findings suggest that Temporary Use in China operates within institutional conditions that differ substantially from those observed in Western contexts. Despite challenges related to land governance, administrative procedures, and public perceptions of such practices, opportunities are emerging for localized forms of Temporary Use that also influence the design and implementation of urban transformation projects. These opportunities are reflected in the use of listing policies as flexible institutional mechanisms, the growing role of state-owned enterprises as intermediaries between public and market interests, and the importance of community-oriented initiatives in maintaining and strengthening local engagement. By extending a debate that has been developed predominantly within Western contexts to the Chinese case, this research proposes a comparative analytical framework for interpreting Temporary Use projects and offers new insights into the role that such practices may play in future processes of urban regeneration and territorial transition, as well as in shaping the urban project itself.
L’Uso Temporaneo (Temporary Use) è un approccio sempre più rilevante per affrontare i fenomeni di inutilizzo e sottoutilizzo degli spazi urbani e per gestire i processi di transizione spaziale nelle città occidentali. Nel tempo si è progressivamente evoluto in uno strumento di pianificazione e governance capace di attivare spazi sottoutilizzati, sperimentare scenari futuri e promuovere la collaborazione tra una pluralità di attori. Tuttavia, gli studi esistenti hanno dedicato un’attenzione limitata alle modalità con cui l’uso temporaneo possa essere adattato al contesto cinese. Poiché l’urbanizzazione in Cina sta entrando in una fase caratterizzata da un rallentamento della crescita e da un crescente surplus di spazi, l’applicabilità dell’uso temporaneo come strategia di transizione rappresenta una questione rilevante ma ancora poco esplorata. Questa ricerca esamina il processo di adattamento e localizzazione dell’uso temporaneo nel contesto cinese, indagandone opportunità e limiti. Dal punto di vista metodologico, lo studio combina una revisione della letteratura, l’analisi di casi studio, interviste semi-strutturate e un’interpretazione delle dinamiche istituzionali. Vengono individuati tre modelli di uso temporaneo, denominati Pop-up, Test-bed e Co-lab, che descrivono differenti relazioni tra interventi temporanei e trasformazioni urbane di lungo periodo. Successivamente, vengono analizzati e confrontati casi studio rappresentativi provenienti da contesti occidentali e da Shanghai. A partire da tali analisi, viene sviluppato un quadro interpretativo basato sulle tre dimensioni - Spazio, Processo e Gestione Operativa - finalizzato a valutare l’implementazione e gli esiti dei progetti di uso temporaneo. I risultati suggeriscono che l’uso temporaneo in Cina opera all’interno di condizioni istituzionali sostanzialmente diverse da quelle osservate nei contesti occidentali. Nonostante le criticità legate alla governance fondiaria, alle procedure amministrative e alla percezione pubblica di tali pratiche, stanno emergendo opportunità per forme localizzate di uso temporaneo che influenzano anche le forme del progetto di trasformazione urbana. Queste si manifestano nell’impiego delle politiche di inserimento nei registri di tutela (listing policy) come meccanismo istituzionale flessibile, nel crescente ruolo delle imprese statali come soggetti intermedi tra interessi pubblici e di mercato e nell’importanza delle iniziative orientate alla comunità per mantenere e rafforzare il coinvolgimento locale. Estendendo al contesto cinese un dibattito sviluppatosi prevalentemente in ambito occidentale, questa ricerca propone un quadro analitico comparativo per l’interpretazione dei progetti di uso temporaneo e offre nuove riflessioni sul ruolo che tali pratiche possono svolgere nei futuri processi di rigenerazione urbana e di transizione territoriale e nel modo in cui possono influenzare il progetto urbano stesso.
In-between strategies: western temporary use models and their translation in Shanghai development
Li, Yuxuan
2025/2026
Abstract
Temporary Use is an increasingly relevant approach for addressing the phenomena of urban space vacancy and underutilization, as well as for managing processes of spatial transition in Western cities. Over time, it has gradually evolved into a planning and governance tool capable of activating underused spaces, testing future scenarios, and fostering collaboration among a wide range of stakeholders. However, existing studies have paid limited attention to how Temporary Use can be adapted to the Chinese context. As urbanization in China enters a phase characterized by slowing growth and an increasing surplus of urban space, the applicability of Temporary Use as a transitional strategy has become an important yet underexplored issue. This research examines the process of adapting and localizing Temporary Use within the Chinese context, investigating its opportunities and constraints. Methodologically, the study combines a literature review, case study analysis, semi-structured interviews, and an interpretation of institutional dynamics. Three Temporary Use models, namely Pop-up, Test-bed, and Co-lab, are identified to describe different relationships between temporary interventions and long-term urban transformation processes. Representative case studies from Western contexts and Shanghai are subsequently analysed and compared. Based on these analyses, an interpretative framework is developed around three dimensions, namely Space, Process, and Operational Management, in order to evaluate the implementation and outcomes of Temporary Use projects. The findings suggest that Temporary Use in China operates within institutional conditions that differ substantially from those observed in Western contexts. Despite challenges related to land governance, administrative procedures, and public perceptions of such practices, opportunities are emerging for localized forms of Temporary Use that also influence the design and implementation of urban transformation projects. These opportunities are reflected in the use of listing policies as flexible institutional mechanisms, the growing role of state-owned enterprises as intermediaries between public and market interests, and the importance of community-oriented initiatives in maintaining and strengthening local engagement. By extending a debate that has been developed predominantly within Western contexts to the Chinese case, this research proposes a comparative analytical framework for interpreting Temporary Use projects and offers new insights into the role that such practices may play in future processes of urban regeneration and territorial transition, as well as in shaping the urban project itself.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260945