Typographic practice is shaped by a continuous dynamic of transitions, changes, advances—and, at times, also historical revisitations—that reconfigure its expression. As technological systems evolve, typography seeks to adjust to the realities of the moment, keeping pace with the demands of the different media through which it is presented. Today, in a landscape where screens are omnipresent, text has come to reflect this condition, requiring greater speed and flexibility. Variable fonts respond to this need, emerging as one of the most significant developments in the history of typography, with a direct impact on how we read, perceive, and interact with written content. They thus manifest themselves as an extension of historical continuity, where solutions long sought for centuries converge. Within this context, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the current level of adoption and integration of variable fonts, taking into account that a decade has passed since their introduction in 2016. To address this question, the fundamental aspects of the format’s evolution are examined, including its origins, the challenges it was designed to overcome, its technical characteristics, and its use in practice. The dissertation also explores the ways in which variable fonts are materialised through type foundries—the central agents throughout the entire process—by examining how they present, promote, and license the format. Type foundries therefore act as mediating entities, establishing the connection between the production of variable fonts and designers.
La pratica tipografica è modellata da una dinamica continua di transizioni, cambiamenti, progressi—e, talvolta, anche di rivisitazioni storiche—che ne riconfigurano l’espressione. Con l’evoluzione dei sistemi tecnologici, la tipografia cerca di adattarsi alle realtà del momento, mantenendo il passo con le esigenze dei diversi supporti attraverso i quali viene presentata. Oggi, in un panorama in cui gli schermi sono onnipresenti, il testo ha finito per riflettere questa stessa condizione, richiedendo sempre maggiore rapidità e flessibilità. I variable fonts rispondono a questa esigenza, emergendo come uno degli sviluppi più significativi nella storia della tipografia, con un impatto diretto sul modo in cui leggiamo, comprendiamo e interagiamo con il contenuto scritto. Si manifestano così come un’estensione della continuità storica stessa, nella quale convergono soluzioni ricercate da molti secoli. In questo contesto, l’oggetto di interesse di questa tesi consiste nell’analizzare l’attuale livello di adozione e integrazione dei variable fonts, considerando che è trascorso un decennio dalla loro introduzione nel 2016. Per affrontare questa questione, vengono esaminati gli aspetti fondamentali dell’evoluzione del formato, tra cui le sue origini, le sfide superate, le caratteristiche tecniche e il suo funzionamento pratico. Questa tesi esplora inoltre i modi in cui i variable fonts vengono materializzati nelle fonderie tipografiche—attori centrali dell’intero processo—attraverso l’analisi di come queste presentano, promuovono e concedono in licenza il formato. Le fonderie tipografiche agiscono quindi come entità mediatrici che stabiliscono il collegamento tra la produzione dei variable fonts e il designer.
The evolution of variable fonts: a new paradigm for type foundries
Dias Vasconcelos, Vera Beatriz
2025/2026
Abstract
Typographic practice is shaped by a continuous dynamic of transitions, changes, advances—and, at times, also historical revisitations—that reconfigure its expression. As technological systems evolve, typography seeks to adjust to the realities of the moment, keeping pace with the demands of the different media through which it is presented. Today, in a landscape where screens are omnipresent, text has come to reflect this condition, requiring greater speed and flexibility. Variable fonts respond to this need, emerging as one of the most significant developments in the history of typography, with a direct impact on how we read, perceive, and interact with written content. They thus manifest themselves as an extension of historical continuity, where solutions long sought for centuries converge. Within this context, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the current level of adoption and integration of variable fonts, taking into account that a decade has passed since their introduction in 2016. To address this question, the fundamental aspects of the format’s evolution are examined, including its origins, the challenges it was designed to overcome, its technical characteristics, and its use in practice. The dissertation also explores the ways in which variable fonts are materialised through type foundries—the central agents throughout the entire process—by examining how they present, promote, and license the format. Type foundries therefore act as mediating entities, establishing the connection between the production of variable fonts and designers.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/261020