Silk sericin, a protein byproduct of silk processing, has attracted increasing attention as a renewable biopolymer owing to its film-forming ability, biodegradability, and abundance. However, the heterogeneous nature of recovered sericin and its high hydrophilicity limit its direct use as food-packaging materials. This thesis investigates the valorization of recovered silk sericin through physicochemical characterization, process optimization, and molecular modification for the development of protein based biodegradable films. Recovered sericin was characterized in terms of protein content, molecular weight distribution, pH-dependent solubility, and surface charge. The recovered powder contained 60.35 ± 4.28% soluble protein and exhibited a broad molecular weight distribution centered around 100–150 kDa. Complete solubilization under strongly alkaline conditions enabled the fabrication of homogeneous free standing sericin films. Vanillin and enzymatically synthesized divanillin were investigated as bio-based molecular modifiers to improve film performance. Thermal curing promoted structural organization within the sericin matrix, while films containing 20 wt% acetone-washed divanillin cured at 140 °C exhibited the best performance, showing improved tensile properties, increased surface hydrophobicity (water contact angle ≈ 106.9°), and enhanced water resistance compared with pristine sericin films. FTIR analysis confirmed structural rearrangements and stronger intermolecular interactions within the protein network. Overall, this work demonstrates that recovered silk sericin can be transformed into functional biodegradable films using a straightforward modification strategy. These findings support the valorization of sericin as a renewable raw material for bio-based food packaging applications and contribute to circular-economy approaches for high-value utilization of industrial by-products.
La sericina, sottoprodotto proteico della lavorazione della seta, ha suscitato crescente interesse come biopolimero grazie alla capacità di formare film, alla biodegradabilità e all'ampia disponibilità. Tuttavia, la natura eterogenea e l'elevata idrofilicità ne limitano l'impiego diretto nel confezionamento alimentare. Questa Tesi si focalizza sulla valorizzazione della sericina attraverso la caratterizzazione fisico-chimica e l'ottimizzazione dei processi di fabbricazione di film biodegradabili a base di sericina. La sericina è stata caratterizzata in termini di contenuto proteico, distribuzione del peso molecolare, solubilità in funzione del pH e carica superficiale, mostrando un contenuto di proteine solubili pari a 60,35 ± 4,28% e un'ampia distribuzione del peso molecolare, centrata nell'intervallo dei 100–150 kDa. La completa solubilizzazione in condizioni fortemente alcaline ha permesso di ottenere film omogenei. Vanillina e divanillina, sintetizzata per via enzimatica, sono state impiegate come modificatori della matrice proteica per migliorarne le prestazioni. Il trattamento termico ha favorito l'organizzazione strutturale della matrice; in particolare, i film con il 20% in peso di divanillina, lavati con acetone e reticolati a 140 °C, hanno mostrato le migliori prestazioni: proprietà meccaniche a trazione superiori, maggiore idrofobicità superficiale (angolo di contatto ≈ 106,9°) e maggiore resistenza all'acqua rispetto ai film non modificati. L'analisi ATR-FTIR ha confermato riarrangiamenti strutturali e interazioni intermolecolari più intense nella rete proteica. Questi risultati dimostrano il potenziale della sericina come materia prima per materiali da imballaggio alimentare, testimoniando come un sottoprodotto industriale possa trasformarsi in una risorsa ad alto valore aggiunto, in un'ottica di economia circolare per il food packaging.
Sericin based films for food packaging. Control of secondary structure
AL-OTAIBI, TAHER ADEL TAHER
2025/2026
Abstract
Silk sericin, a protein byproduct of silk processing, has attracted increasing attention as a renewable biopolymer owing to its film-forming ability, biodegradability, and abundance. However, the heterogeneous nature of recovered sericin and its high hydrophilicity limit its direct use as food-packaging materials. This thesis investigates the valorization of recovered silk sericin through physicochemical characterization, process optimization, and molecular modification for the development of protein based biodegradable films. Recovered sericin was characterized in terms of protein content, molecular weight distribution, pH-dependent solubility, and surface charge. The recovered powder contained 60.35 ± 4.28% soluble protein and exhibited a broad molecular weight distribution centered around 100–150 kDa. Complete solubilization under strongly alkaline conditions enabled the fabrication of homogeneous free standing sericin films. Vanillin and enzymatically synthesized divanillin were investigated as bio-based molecular modifiers to improve film performance. Thermal curing promoted structural organization within the sericin matrix, while films containing 20 wt% acetone-washed divanillin cured at 140 °C exhibited the best performance, showing improved tensile properties, increased surface hydrophobicity (water contact angle ≈ 106.9°), and enhanced water resistance compared with pristine sericin films. FTIR analysis confirmed structural rearrangements and stronger intermolecular interactions within the protein network. Overall, this work demonstrates that recovered silk sericin can be transformed into functional biodegradable films using a straightforward modification strategy. These findings support the valorization of sericin as a renewable raw material for bio-based food packaging applications and contribute to circular-economy approaches for high-value utilization of industrial by-products.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Al-Otaibi_Thesis_01.pdf
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2026_07_Al-Otaibi_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/261263