This thesis explores the potential of Circular Economy and Urban Mining as tangible responses to the significant environmental impact of the construction sector, which is currently responsible for 39% of global carbon emissions and for the extensive and unsustainable consumption of virgin resources. The study proposes a sustainability-driven methodological framework for the design process that integrates the principles of durability, reuse, and Urban Mining within the DRUMS (Durability, Reuse, Urban Mining, Sustainability) paradigm. In its first phase, the research develops a comprehensive analytical investigation articulated on two interconnected levels. On one hand, a “Bottom-Up” approach is conducted through a Reverse Engineering process, applied to an office building selected as a prototype, with the objective of quantifying its Material Demand - MD and analyzing its distribution across the various technological layers of the building. On the other hand, through a “Top-Down” approach, based on the analysis of Milan’s building stock, the study estimates the actual availability of Secondary Material Supply - SMS, which, generated by demolition processes, effectively conceives the metropolitan built environment as a vast urban mine from which resources can be recovered. These theoretical and analytical assumptions, synthesized in the DRUMS model, find practical application in the design of the new campus for the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory in the Rogoredo district of Milan. Within this framework, the decision-making process is guided by the continuous balance between two fundamental design indicators: Material Intensity - MI, used to measure and optimize the amount of resources required per square meter, and Global Warming Potential - GWP, employed to assess the environmental cost in terms of carbon footprint. To manage this balance, Life Cycle Assessment - LCA is not employed merely as an ex-post verification tool but rather as a decisional support instrument throughout the whole design process. The material strategy, adopted for the project, stems directly from this framework and is based on the integration of complementary solutions aimed at optimizing resource efficiency and reducing environmental burdens. In particular, the combined use of secondary materials recovered through Urban Mining and bio-based construction products enables a concurrent reduction in virgin material demand and Global Warming Potential. Implemented through the adoption of dry construction systems, these choices facilitate selective deconstruction at the end of the building’s life cycle, in accordance with the principles of Design for Disassembly. In conclusion, the thesis highlights the scalability of the DRUMS framework and aims to demonstrate that Urban Mining, supported by informed and environmentally responsible design practices, represents a virtuous and impactful pathway toward a more circular and sustainable construction industry.
La presente tesi di ricerca esplora le potenzialità dell’Economia Circolare e dell’Urban Mining come risposte concrete all’elevato impatto ambientale del settore edile, attualmente responsabile del 39% delle emissioni globali di carbonio e di un massiccio e insostenibile consumo di risorse vergini. Il lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di definire un modello metodologico e progettuale orientato alla sostenibilità, incentrato sui concetti di durabilità, riuso e attività estrattiva urbana, sintetizzati nell’acronimo DRUMS (Durability, Reuse, Urban Mining, Sustainability). Nella sua prima fase, la ricerca sviluppa un’indagine analitica articolata su due livelli interconnessi: da un lato, un approccio “Bottom-Up”, condotto secondo il processo del Reverse Engineering applicato ad un edificio direzionale assunto come archetipo, quantifica il fabbisogno materico (Material Demand - MD) e la sua distribuzione nei vari strati tecnologici dell’edificio; dall’altro, tramite un approccio “Top-Down” basato sull’analisi del patrimonio edilizio della città di Milano, viene stimata l’effettiva disponibilità di materie prime secondarie (Secondary Material Supply - SMS) derivanti dai processi di demolizione, concependo di fatto l’ambiente costruito metropolitano come una vasta miniera urbana da cui attingere risorse. Questi fondamenti teorici e analitici, riassunti nel modello DRUMS, trovano concreta applicazione nella progettazione del nuovo Campus per il Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi a Milano Rogoredo. In questo contesto, il processo decisionale si basa sul costante equilibrio tra due indicatori pre-progettuali fondamentali: la Material Intensity - MI, per misurare e ottimizzare l’incidenza delle risorse per metro quadrato, e il Global Warming Potential - GWP, per valutare il costo ecologico in termini di impronta carbonica. Per governare tale equilibrio, la Valutazione del Ciclo di Vita - LCA non è stata impiegata semplicemente come strumento di verifica a posteriori, bensì come un vero e proprio supporto decisionale alla progettazione. La strategia materica del progetto scaturisce direttamente da questa impostazione, fondandosi su un’efficace sinergia utile ad abbattere simultaneamente il consumo di risorse vergini e le emissioni climalteranti. Questi obiettivi sono stati perseguti grazie a scelte progettuali strategiche, mirate alla riduzione dell’impatto ambientale e capaci di far dialogare l’utilizzo di materiali edili secondari, provenienti da processi di Urban Mining, con l’introduzione di alternative biobased. Queste scelte, concretizzate attraverso l’adozione di sistemi costruttivi a secco, agevolano la decostruzione selettiva a fine vita, in linea con i principi del Design for Disassembly. In definitiva, la tesi promuove la scalabilità del modello DRUMS e ambisce a dimostrare la potenzialità dell’Urban Mining, supportato da una progettazione consapevole e sensibile, in qualità di pratica virtuosa e concretamente applicabile all’attività edilizia.
DRUMS: Durability, Reuse, Urban Mining, Sustainability : implementazione dell'Urban Mining come soluzione sostenibile applicata alla progettazione del nuovo Campus per il Conservatorio di Milano Rogoredo
Camerota, Marianna;Giustinelli, Valentina;Buongiovanni, Giulia
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis explores the potential of Circular Economy and Urban Mining as tangible responses to the significant environmental impact of the construction sector, which is currently responsible for 39% of global carbon emissions and for the extensive and unsustainable consumption of virgin resources. The study proposes a sustainability-driven methodological framework for the design process that integrates the principles of durability, reuse, and Urban Mining within the DRUMS (Durability, Reuse, Urban Mining, Sustainability) paradigm. In its first phase, the research develops a comprehensive analytical investigation articulated on two interconnected levels. On one hand, a “Bottom-Up” approach is conducted through a Reverse Engineering process, applied to an office building selected as a prototype, with the objective of quantifying its Material Demand - MD and analyzing its distribution across the various technological layers of the building. On the other hand, through a “Top-Down” approach, based on the analysis of Milan’s building stock, the study estimates the actual availability of Secondary Material Supply - SMS, which, generated by demolition processes, effectively conceives the metropolitan built environment as a vast urban mine from which resources can be recovered. These theoretical and analytical assumptions, synthesized in the DRUMS model, find practical application in the design of the new campus for the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory in the Rogoredo district of Milan. Within this framework, the decision-making process is guided by the continuous balance between two fundamental design indicators: Material Intensity - MI, used to measure and optimize the amount of resources required per square meter, and Global Warming Potential - GWP, employed to assess the environmental cost in terms of carbon footprint. To manage this balance, Life Cycle Assessment - LCA is not employed merely as an ex-post verification tool but rather as a decisional support instrument throughout the whole design process. The material strategy, adopted for the project, stems directly from this framework and is based on the integration of complementary solutions aimed at optimizing resource efficiency and reducing environmental burdens. In particular, the combined use of secondary materials recovered through Urban Mining and bio-based construction products enables a concurrent reduction in virgin material demand and Global Warming Potential. Implemented through the adoption of dry construction systems, these choices facilitate selective deconstruction at the end of the building’s life cycle, in accordance with the principles of Design for Disassembly. In conclusion, the thesis highlights the scalability of the DRUMS framework and aims to demonstrate that Urban Mining, supported by informed and environmentally responsible design practices, represents a virtuous and impactful pathway toward a more circular and sustainable construction industry.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Buongiovanni_Camerota_Giustinelli_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/261264