The following document presents the design of a subscale rocket engine, conceived as an experimental platform for the validation and calibration of thermal models used to simulate cooling techniques in bipropellant rocket engines, such as regenerative and film cooling. The work, carried out in collaboration with the Italian startup Sidereus Space Dynamics, initially focused on the review of reduced-order models for the simulation of the aforementioned cooling techniques and of the experimental strategies adopted for their validation. Subsequently, the system requirements were defined, leading to the design of the complete apparatus. In particular, the experimental setup is composed of the thrust chamber assembly, which includes the injector, igniter, film cooling module, combustion chamber, conceived as the measurement section, and nozzle. The apparatus also comprises the propellant and coolant feedline systems, the data acquisition and control systems, and the test bench. The rocket engine was conceived as a modular system in order to allow the replacement and modification of its components and to evaluate their influence. The first configuration, described in detail in this document, uses gaseous hydrogen and oxygen as propellants and water as coolant. The proposed design represents the basis for future experimental campaigns aimed at generating experimental data useful for the calibration and validation of thermal models, which the host company could use for the thermal optimization of its engine.
Il seguente documento presenta il progetto di un motore a razzo subscala, concepito come piattaforma sperimentale per la validazione e calibrazione di modelli termici utilizzati per simulare tecniche di raffreddamento in motori a razzo bipropellente, quali raffreddamento rigenerativo e film cooling. Il lavoro, svolto in collaborazione con la startup italiana Sidereus Space Dynamics, si è inizialmente concentrato sulla revisione dei modelli reduced-order per la simulazione delle suddette tecniche di raffreddamento e delle strategie sperimentali adottate per la loro validazione. Successivamente, sono stati definiti i requisiti di sistema, che hanno guidato la progettazione dell’intero apparato. In particolare, il setup sperimentale è composto dal thrust chamber assembly, che include iniettore, accenditore, modulo di film cooling, camera di combustione, concepita come sezione di misura, e ugello. L’apparato comprende inoltre i sistemi di alimentazione per propellenti e liquido di raffreddamento, i sistemi di acquisizione dati e controllo e il banco prova. Il motore a razzo è stato concepito come sistema modulare, al fine di consentire la sostituzione e modifica dei suoi componenti e valutarne l’influenza. La prima configurazione, descritta in dettaglio nel documento, utilizza idrogeno e ossigeno gassosi come propellenti e acqua come liquido di raffreddamento. Il progetto proposto rappresenta la base per future campagne sperimentali finalizzate alla generazione di dati utili alla calibrazione e validazione di modelli termici, che l’azienda ospitante potrebbe impiegare per l’ottimizzazione termica del proprio motore.
Design of a modular subscale rocket engine for thermal model validation and calibration
Piemonte, Francesco Antonio
2025/2026
Abstract
The following document presents the design of a subscale rocket engine, conceived as an experimental platform for the validation and calibration of thermal models used to simulate cooling techniques in bipropellant rocket engines, such as regenerative and film cooling. The work, carried out in collaboration with the Italian startup Sidereus Space Dynamics, initially focused on the review of reduced-order models for the simulation of the aforementioned cooling techniques and of the experimental strategies adopted for their validation. Subsequently, the system requirements were defined, leading to the design of the complete apparatus. In particular, the experimental setup is composed of the thrust chamber assembly, which includes the injector, igniter, film cooling module, combustion chamber, conceived as the measurement section, and nozzle. The apparatus also comprises the propellant and coolant feedline systems, the data acquisition and control systems, and the test bench. The rocket engine was conceived as a modular system in order to allow the replacement and modification of its components and to evaluate their influence. The first configuration, described in detail in this document, uses gaseous hydrogen and oxygen as propellants and water as coolant. The proposed design represents the basis for future experimental campaigns aimed at generating experimental data useful for the calibration and validation of thermal models, which the host company could use for the thermal optimization of its engine.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Piemonte_Tesi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/261325