In structural design, the same building is represented by two digital models that serve different purposes: the building information model (BIM), an information-rich 3D model that stores the geometry and properties of each element and is shared across disciplines, and the finite element model (FEM), used to analyze and design the structure. Since building them separately duplicates work and introduces errors, a more efficient approach is to derive the FEM model directly from the BIM model and keep them consistent through a bidirectional data exchange that propagates each change to its counterpart at every design iteration. However, existing methods still do not achieve this data exchange in a complete, accurate, and fully automatic way, and the reasons can be grouped into three obstacles. First, the correspondence between the models relies on native identifiers, which can change when an element is deleted and recreated, transferred between programs, or when a wall or a slab is divided into smaller panels to prepare it for analysis. Second, the model that arrives in each environment is raw and does not satisfy the topological requirements, so it must be corrected manually to meet that environment's modeling conventions in both directions. Third, the changes made between iterations are not tracked, so every revision must be reapplied manually. This thesis proposes a solution to each problem and implements these solutions as a series of automated operations collected in a dedicated plugin called the Revit--SAP2000 Interoperability (RSI) Plugin. The plugin consists of two complementary sides that together enable bidirectional data exchange: one in Revit for BIM and one in SAP2000 for FEM. The workflow refines the raw analytical model in Revit, transfers it to SAP2000, assigns every element a pattern-based shared name from its intrinsic properties and spatial position, and uses baseline snapshots to detect, classify, and propagate changes in both directions, while the elements rebuilt on the return path to Revit are refined to comply with Revit modeling conventions. Finally, the workflow was validated on a real reinforced-concrete building, where it generated the FEM model without manual remodeling and propagated changes in both directions, demonstrating a complete, accurate, and automatic bidirectional interoperability.
Nella progettazione strutturale, lo stesso edificio è rappresentato da due modelli digitali con finalità diverse: il modello informativo dell'edificio (Building Information Model, BIM), un modello tridimensionale ricco di informazioni che contiene la geometria e le proprietà di ciascun elemento ed è condiviso tra le diverse discipline, ed il modello agli elementi finiti (Finite Element Model, FEM), utilizzato per calcolare e progettare la struttura. Poiché costruire separatamente i due modelli comporta un raddoppio del lavoro e introduce errori, un approccio più efficiente consiste nel derivare il modello FEM direttamente dal modello BIM e nel mantenerli coerenti attraverso uno scambio dati bidirezionale che propaga ogni modifica alla sua controparte a ogni iterazione progettuale. Tuttavia, i metodi esistenti non gestiscono ancora questo scambio dati in modo completo, accurato e completamente automatico. Le ragioni si riconducono a tre ostacoli: In primo luogo, la corrispondenza tra i modelli si basa sugli identificatori nativi, che possono cambiare quando un elemento viene eliminato e ricreato, trasferito tra i programmi, oppure quando una parete o un solaio viene suddiviso in pannelli più piccoli per prepararlo all'analisi. In secondo luogo, il modello che giunge in ciascun ambiente è grezzo e non soddisfa i requisiti topologici, per cui deve essere corretto manualmente affinché rispetti le convenzioni di modellazione di tale ambiente, in entrambe le direzioni. In ultimo, le modifiche apportate tra un'iterazione e l'altra non vengono tracciate, per cui ogni revisione deve essere riapplicata manualmente. Questa tesi propone una soluzione per ciascun problema e le risolve mediante la programmazione di una serie di operazioni automatizzate, raccolte in un plugin dedicato denominato Revit--SAP2000 Interoperability (RSI) Plugin. Tale plugin è costituito da due parti complementari che insieme abilitano lo scambio dati bidirezionale: una in Revit per il modello informativo (BIM) e una in SAP2000 per il FEM. Il flusso di lavoro affina il modello analitico grezzo in Revit, lo trasferisce a SAP2000, assegna a ogni elemento un nome condiviso basato su pattern, derivato dalle sue proprietà intrinseche e dalla sua posizione spaziale; utilizza inoltre istantanee di riferimento (baseline) per rilevare, classificare e propagare le modifiche in entrambe le direzioni, mentre gli elementi ricostruiti al ritorno in Revit vengono affinati secondo le convenzioni di modellazione di Revit. Infine, il flusso di lavoro è stato validato su un edificio reale in calcestruzzo armato, in cui ha generato il modello FEM senza rimodellazione manuale e ha propagato le modifiche in entrambe le direzioni, dimostrando un'interoperabilità bidirezionale completa, accurata e automatica.
Bidirectional BIM-FEM interoperability for reinforced concrete structures through systematic topology refinement, pattern-based shared naming, and change propagtion
KHAYAT BAHARLOUIE, MOHAMMAD AMIN
2025/2026
Abstract
In structural design, the same building is represented by two digital models that serve different purposes: the building information model (BIM), an information-rich 3D model that stores the geometry and properties of each element and is shared across disciplines, and the finite element model (FEM), used to analyze and design the structure. Since building them separately duplicates work and introduces errors, a more efficient approach is to derive the FEM model directly from the BIM model and keep them consistent through a bidirectional data exchange that propagates each change to its counterpart at every design iteration. However, existing methods still do not achieve this data exchange in a complete, accurate, and fully automatic way, and the reasons can be grouped into three obstacles. First, the correspondence between the models relies on native identifiers, which can change when an element is deleted and recreated, transferred between programs, or when a wall or a slab is divided into smaller panels to prepare it for analysis. Second, the model that arrives in each environment is raw and does not satisfy the topological requirements, so it must be corrected manually to meet that environment's modeling conventions in both directions. Third, the changes made between iterations are not tracked, so every revision must be reapplied manually. This thesis proposes a solution to each problem and implements these solutions as a series of automated operations collected in a dedicated plugin called the Revit--SAP2000 Interoperability (RSI) Plugin. The plugin consists of two complementary sides that together enable bidirectional data exchange: one in Revit for BIM and one in SAP2000 for FEM. The workflow refines the raw analytical model in Revit, transfers it to SAP2000, assigns every element a pattern-based shared name from its intrinsic properties and spatial position, and uses baseline snapshots to detect, classify, and propagate changes in both directions, while the elements rebuilt on the return path to Revit are refined to comply with Revit modeling conventions. Finally, the workflow was validated on a real reinforced-concrete building, where it generated the FEM model without manual remodeling and propagated changes in both directions, demonstrating a complete, accurate, and automatic bidirectional interoperability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/261356