As social impact measurement becomes increasingly important for SMEs and other organizations, there is a growing need for practical approaches that address existing challenges and limitations. In response, this thesis draws on the established frameworks of the Social Business Model Canvas and Theory of Change to link social purpose-oriented business models with measurable social outcomes. The thesis adopts a qualitative, exploratory, and theory-driven approach, supported by limited quantitative calculations. The proposed integrated analytical framework is applied across two social sectors, Education and Healthcare, using case organizations that differ in their social business models but share a social purpose orientation. The proposed analytical approach draws on the Social Business Model Canvas, Theory of Change, and the principle of proportional measurement to connect organizational activities to outputs and outcomes through social chain links. These links are matched with relevant indicators, supported by metric dictionaries developed to facilitate the indicator selection process. The findings show that the proposed measurement approach supports a structured and context-sensitive technique to social impact measurement. It helps organizations translate broad social purpose statements into clearer activity-output-outcome pathways, select indicators more coherently, and identify where measurement is feasible without requiring extensive resources. The thesis also shows that social impact measurement can become more strategically useful when it is connected to the organization’s own business model rather than treated only as a reporting exercise. At the same time, the application highlights key limitations. The analysis relies on publicly available data, company-level indicators, and cautious assumptions; therefore, the results should be seen as a structured starting point rather than a complete empirical measurement of social impact.
Poiché la misurazione dell’impatto sociale diventa sempre più importante per le PMI e per altre organizzazioni, emerge una crescente necessità di approcci pratici in grado di affrontare le sfide e le limitazioni esistenti. In risposta a tale esigenza, questa tesi si basa sui framework consolidati del Social Business Model Canvas e della Theory of Change per collegare i modelli di business orientati a finalità sociali con risultati sociali misurabili. La tesi adotta un approccio qualitativo, esplorativo e guidato dalla teoria, supportato da calcoli quantitativi limitati. Il framework analitico integrato proposto viene applicato a due settori sociali, Istruzione e Sanità, attraverso organizzazioni oggetto di studio che presentano modelli di business sociali differenti, ma condividono un orientamento verso una finalità sociale. L’approccio analitico proposto si basa sul Social Business Model Canvas, sulla Theory of Change e sul principio della misurazione proporzionata per collegare le attività organizzative agli output e agli outcome attraverso social chain links. Questi collegamenti vengono associati a indicatori rilevanti, con il supporto di dizionari metrici sviluppati per facilitare il processo di selezione degli indicatori. I risultati mostrano che l’approccio di misurazione proposto supporta una tecnica strutturata e sensibile al contesto per la misurazione dell’impatto sociale. Esso aiuta le organizzazioni a tradurre ampie dichiarazioni di finalità sociale in percorsi più chiari attività-output-outcome, a selezionare gli indicatori in modo più coerente e a individuare dove la misurazione risulti fattibile senza richiedere risorse estese. La tesi mostra inoltre che la misurazione dell’impatto sociale può diventare più utile dal punto di vista strategico quando è collegata al modello di business dell’organizzazione, anziché essere trattata esclusivamente come un esercizio di rendicontazione. Allo stesso tempo, l’applicazione evidenzia alcune limitazioni rilevanti. L’analisi si basa su dati pubblicamente disponibili, indicatori a livello aziendale e assunzioni prudenti; pertanto, i risultati devono essere interpretati come un punto di partenza strutturato, piuttosto che come una misurazione empirica completa dell’impatto sociale.
Social impact measurement: from social purpose to measurable impact through social business model architecture
Ayaz, Aiman
2025/2026
Abstract
As social impact measurement becomes increasingly important for SMEs and other organizations, there is a growing need for practical approaches that address existing challenges and limitations. In response, this thesis draws on the established frameworks of the Social Business Model Canvas and Theory of Change to link social purpose-oriented business models with measurable social outcomes. The thesis adopts a qualitative, exploratory, and theory-driven approach, supported by limited quantitative calculations. The proposed integrated analytical framework is applied across two social sectors, Education and Healthcare, using case organizations that differ in their social business models but share a social purpose orientation. The proposed analytical approach draws on the Social Business Model Canvas, Theory of Change, and the principle of proportional measurement to connect organizational activities to outputs and outcomes through social chain links. These links are matched with relevant indicators, supported by metric dictionaries developed to facilitate the indicator selection process. The findings show that the proposed measurement approach supports a structured and context-sensitive technique to social impact measurement. It helps organizations translate broad social purpose statements into clearer activity-output-outcome pathways, select indicators more coherently, and identify where measurement is feasible without requiring extensive resources. The thesis also shows that social impact measurement can become more strategically useful when it is connected to the organization’s own business model rather than treated only as a reporting exercise. At the same time, the application highlights key limitations. The analysis relies on publicly available data, company-level indicators, and cautious assumptions; therefore, the results should be seen as a structured starting point rather than a complete empirical measurement of social impact.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Verified_Healthcare_Indicators.xlsx
non accessibile
Descrizione: Developed Healthcare Metric Dictionary attached as supplementary material.
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25.83 kB
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Microsoft Excel XML
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Verified Education Indicators.xlsx
non accessibile
Descrizione: Developed EducationMetric Dictionary attached as supplementary material.
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20.87 kB
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Microsoft Excel XML
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Thesis Final - 30th June - REVISED.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Final thesis file with completed instructed revisions
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2.93 MB
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Adobe PDF
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Executive_W - 30th June - REVISED.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Executive summary of the final thesis submitted
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797.83 kB
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Adobe PDF
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Databases for various social impacts.xlsx
non accessibile
Descrizione: Social Impact Databases Repository
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50.34 kB
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Microsoft Excel XML
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50.34 kB | Microsoft Excel XML | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/261393