This work investigates the influence of the specific elastomeric compound formulation on the mechanical behaviour and cushioning properties of prefabricated athletics tracks. A Design of Experiments approach was employed to generate and select industrially feasible elastomeric formulations, by altering fixed groups of ingredients in the mixture. Three distinct sets of materials were investigated, each comprising between 21 and 24 different formulations, involving both layers normally employed in the tracks. All these materials were experimentally characterized through quasi-static uniaxial compression and friction tests, with the latter being employed to clear from the influence of friction the intrinsic compression properties. The experimental data were processed to identify suitable Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic parameters and to evaluate the bulk mechanical and energetic response of the compounds. Furthermore, to provide a comprehensive evaluation, this study integrates and discusses the results of Finite Element simulations of shock absorption tests on the materials investigated in this study, which were conducted as part of a broader project. These tests were correlated with the intrinsic stiffness of the designed materials. The research results demonstrate that the proposed DoE-based optimization approach is a powerful tool for industry, enabling the tailoring of compound formulations to meet specific mechanical requirements while ensuring cost-efficiency and consistent performance.
Questo lavoro analizza l'influenza della formulazione specifica della mescola elastomerica sul comportamento meccanico e sulle proprietà ammortizzanti delle piste di atletica prefabbricate. È stato adottato un approccio basato sul Design of Experiments per generare e selezionare formulazioni elastomeriche industrialmente realizzabili, variando gruppi prefissati di ingredienti all'interno della miscela. Sono stati analizzati tre distinti set di materiali, ciascuno dei quali comprende tra le 21 e le 24 diverse formulazioni, che coinvolgono entrambi gli strati normalmente impiegati nelle piste. Tutti questi materiali sono stati caratterizzati sperimentalmente tramite test di compressione uniassiale quasi-statica e di attrito, con questi ultimi utilizzati per eliminare l'influenza dell'attrito sulle proprietà intrinseche di compressione. I dati sperimentali sono stati elaborati per identificare parametri iperelastici di Mooney-Rivlin adeguati e per valutare la risposta meccanica ed energetica delle mescole. Inoltre, per fornire una valutazione completa, questo studio integra e analizza i risultati di simulazioni ad Elementi Finiti relative a prove di assorbimento degli urti sui materiali oggetto di studio, condotte all'interno di un progetto più ampio. Tali prove sono state messe in correlazione rigidezza intrinseca dei materiali progettati. I risultati della ricerca dimostrano che l'approccio di ottimizzazione proposto, basato sul DoE, rappresenta un potente strumento per l'industria, consentendo la personalizzazione delle formulazioni delle mescole per soddisfare specifici requisiti meccanici, garantendo al contempo l'efficienza economica e prestazioni costanti.
Influence of compound formulation on the mechanical response of prefabricated athletics tracks
Renda, Stefano
2025/2026
Abstract
This work investigates the influence of the specific elastomeric compound formulation on the mechanical behaviour and cushioning properties of prefabricated athletics tracks. A Design of Experiments approach was employed to generate and select industrially feasible elastomeric formulations, by altering fixed groups of ingredients in the mixture. Three distinct sets of materials were investigated, each comprising between 21 and 24 different formulations, involving both layers normally employed in the tracks. All these materials were experimentally characterized through quasi-static uniaxial compression and friction tests, with the latter being employed to clear from the influence of friction the intrinsic compression properties. The experimental data were processed to identify suitable Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic parameters and to evaluate the bulk mechanical and energetic response of the compounds. Furthermore, to provide a comprehensive evaluation, this study integrates and discusses the results of Finite Element simulations of shock absorption tests on the materials investigated in this study, which were conducted as part of a broader project. These tests were correlated with the intrinsic stiffness of the designed materials. The research results demonstrate that the proposed DoE-based optimization approach is a powerful tool for industry, enabling the tailoring of compound formulations to meet specific mechanical requirements while ensuring cost-efficiency and consistent performance.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/261472