This thesis explores the importance of product and country factors over the choice of transportation mode. In particular we focus on the synergic effect between the relevant determinants: products’ price, delivery distance, time sensitiveness and transportation fares. Our goal is to determine the role of the main influencing factors in transportation pattern in order to identify their effects on international trade. This work addresses some of the most debated questions about the current international trade: “Has distance died?”;“What is the role of time in the current globalized context?”;“What is the effective weight of transportation costs?”;“Are the infrastructures relevant for international trade?”. Our results give possible explanations based on the European context. If markets present time constraints, air shipping usage should be higher; this is true only for very valuable goods while air shipping usage is actually lower considering cheap products: this is an evidence that transportation patterns and trade patterns are closely related, since low-value products have higher level of substitutability, and time constraints push towards high bilateral trade with close countries. In general, any transportation choice is determined by the trade-off between certain “extra costs” and probable “premium price” for fast delivery: airplanes are the fastest but also the most costly transportation mean. Transportation “cost component” depending on distance doesn’t seem very relevant, while delivery frequency and volume of trade can imply strong costs barrier. Indeed, the range of products traded by air is usually wider for longer distances, because time advantage seems to grow faster than “extra costs” with distance. Distance is “dying” from a monetary costs’ perspective but it’s still puzzling international economics. On the one hand, transportation means are faster and faster and “fast means” are more and more affordable; on the other hand, the concept of speed and the benefit of time are something not really definable in absolute terms, since in the nowadays customer-oriented scenario, trade is timely only if it’s timely to the customer.
Questa tesi indaga sull’impatto di fattori di prodotto e di paese sulla scelta del mezzo di trasporto. In particolare, ci focalizziamo sulle sinergie che si instaurano tra le determinanti più importanti quali il prezzo, la distanza, la sensibilità della merce al tempo e il costo del trasporto. L’obiettivo è di definire il ruolo di questi fattori al fine di identificare il loro effetto sul commercio internazionale. Questo lavoro cerca di rispondere ad alcuni dei quesiti più dibattuti riguardo l’attuale scenario internazionale: “La distanza è morta?”;“Quale è il ruolo del tempo?”;“Quanto sono rilevanti i costi del trasporto?”;“Quale l’impatto delle infrastrutture?”. Se un mercato presenta vincoli di tempo, il trasporto aereo dovrebbe essere maggiore ma in realtà questo è vero solo per prodotti di valore. Questa è la prova di come le dinamiche di trasporto influenzino la “geografia” del commercio internazionale e viceversa: prodotti economici presentano di solito un maggior livello di sostituibilità e un eventuale limite di tempo si traduce in intensi scambi commerciali tra paesi confinanti. Ogni decisione sulla scelta del mezzo di trasporto si basa su un forte trade-off: il trasporto aereo implica da una parte “extra costs” sicuri, dall’altra “premium price” probabili. Le voci di costo che variano in funzione della distanza non sembrano avere un ruolo rilevante, mentre la frequenza di consegna e il volume di scambio possono comportare “barriere di costo” notevoli. Infatti, all’aumentare della distanza, vantaggi di tempo crescono più velocemente degli “extra costs” richiesti, cosicché la gamma di prodotti commerciabile via aereo è più ampia se la distanza di consegna è maggiore. La distanza “sta morendo” da un punto di vista dei costi, ma assume un ruolo importante e di difficile interpretazione per gli equilibri economici mondiali. Da una parte, tutti i mezzi di trasporto sono sempre più veloci e gli aerei sono sempre più accessibili; dall’altra, nello scenario attuale così fortemente orientato al cliente, il concetto di velocità e di tempo è qualcosa di difficilmente quantificabile e lo scambio commerciale è tempestivo solo se è percepito come tale dal cliente.
International trade costs and transportation modes : the case of Europe
POZZI, SARA;BIANCHI, FRANCESCO
2010/2011
Abstract
This thesis explores the importance of product and country factors over the choice of transportation mode. In particular we focus on the synergic effect between the relevant determinants: products’ price, delivery distance, time sensitiveness and transportation fares. Our goal is to determine the role of the main influencing factors in transportation pattern in order to identify their effects on international trade. This work addresses some of the most debated questions about the current international trade: “Has distance died?”;“What is the role of time in the current globalized context?”;“What is the effective weight of transportation costs?”;“Are the infrastructures relevant for international trade?”. Our results give possible explanations based on the European context. If markets present time constraints, air shipping usage should be higher; this is true only for very valuable goods while air shipping usage is actually lower considering cheap products: this is an evidence that transportation patterns and trade patterns are closely related, since low-value products have higher level of substitutability, and time constraints push towards high bilateral trade with close countries. In general, any transportation choice is determined by the trade-off between certain “extra costs” and probable “premium price” for fast delivery: airplanes are the fastest but also the most costly transportation mean. Transportation “cost component” depending on distance doesn’t seem very relevant, while delivery frequency and volume of trade can imply strong costs barrier. Indeed, the range of products traded by air is usually wider for longer distances, because time advantage seems to grow faster than “extra costs” with distance. Distance is “dying” from a monetary costs’ perspective but it’s still puzzling international economics. On the one hand, transportation means are faster and faster and “fast means” are more and more affordable; on the other hand, the concept of speed and the benefit of time are something not really definable in absolute terms, since in the nowadays customer-oriented scenario, trade is timely only if it’s timely to the customer.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/37322