The object of study is the relationship between demography and the economic system. The word “demography” stands for all those population characteristics that go from age to education, from ethnic group to gender. These characteristics, time-varying for their own nature, have undeniable effects on a multitude of events of the social context. And the economic trend is doubtless a social theme since it is so tightly related to the group of people that characterize its relevant aspects. The relationships presented are of different nature and, with the changing of the demographic setting, determine the variation of the principal economic elements, such as: economic output volatility, saving-investment ratio, financial market stability and trends. In addition to these dimensions, economic policies by governments and central banks are analyzed, as they can influence the economic system as a whole or adjust it to the changing demographic scenario. The main findings demonstrate the high complexity of the relations presented above, pointing out the necessity of better integrating demography in the study of economic policies. To this end, a cause-effect map is presented, allowing a straightforward understanding of the dynamics that link demography and economy. In addition, a description of the intervention options of monetary and fiscal policy in relation to demographic changes is proposed. The analysis is enriched with an empirical case study about Italy.
L’oggetto di studio qui proposto è la relazione tra demografia e sistema economico. Con il termine demografia si vuole intendere quella moltitudine di caratteristiche di una popolazione che spaziano dall’et{ all’istruzione, dall’etnia al genere. Queste caratteristiche, per loro natura tempo varianti, hanno un impatto innegabile su una moltitudine di eventi del contesto sociale. E tema sociale è senza dubbio l’andamento economico, così fortemente legato all’insieme di individui che lo compongono. Le relazioni presentate sono di varia natura e determinano, al mutare del contesto demografico di riferimento, una variazione nelle dimensioni economiche principali, tra cui: la volatilit{ dell’output economico, il rapporto risparmi-investimenti, stabilità e andamento dei mercati finanziari. A queste dimensioni si aggiunge l’ambito di manovra delle istituzioni, tra cui governi e banche centrali, che possono prendere decisioni in grado di influenzare il sistema nel complesso o di adeguarlo al nuovo scenario di riferimento. I risultati a cui si giunge dimostrano una notevole complessità tra le relazioni sopra presentate, spingendo verso la necessità di meglio integrare la componente demografia nello studio delle politiche economiche. A questo scopo, si presenta una mappa causale che possa permettere una rapida comprensione delle dinamiche che legano demografia ed economia. A completamento di questa analisi, si accompagna un caso empirico di interesse: il sistema paese Italia.
Cambiamenti demografici e implicazioni macroeconomiche
CLAUDIO, FRANCESCA MARIA;VIGANÒ, STEFANO
2010/2011
Abstract
The object of study is the relationship between demography and the economic system. The word “demography” stands for all those population characteristics that go from age to education, from ethnic group to gender. These characteristics, time-varying for their own nature, have undeniable effects on a multitude of events of the social context. And the economic trend is doubtless a social theme since it is so tightly related to the group of people that characterize its relevant aspects. The relationships presented are of different nature and, with the changing of the demographic setting, determine the variation of the principal economic elements, such as: economic output volatility, saving-investment ratio, financial market stability and trends. In addition to these dimensions, economic policies by governments and central banks are analyzed, as they can influence the economic system as a whole or adjust it to the changing demographic scenario. The main findings demonstrate the high complexity of the relations presented above, pointing out the necessity of better integrating demography in the study of economic policies. To this end, a cause-effect map is presented, allowing a straightforward understanding of the dynamics that link demography and economy. In addition, a description of the intervention options of monetary and fiscal policy in relation to demographic changes is proposed. The analysis is enriched with an empirical case study about Italy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/39861