Hot mix asphalt concrete characterization constitutes a fundamental component of pavement structural design and analysis to ensure adequate field performance. In road engineering there are several engineering properties of bituminous materials that must be satisfied in order to achieve the required performance. In this sense asphalt modification is a very common practice to improve that performance. Modification consists of incorporating certain materials with some desired properties within other materials which lack those properties. Similar to conventional binders, the physical properties of modified bitumens are largely controlled by the fundamental properties related to temperature, viscosity and phase transition of the added substance. To this end the present dissertation was aimed to deepen the role of several types of additives including polymers and fibers. Based on the available technical literature and worldwide applications the following additives were evaluated: (a) cellulose fibers, (b) synthetic fibers (c) fibers in polypropylene, (d) Ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA), (e) low-density-polyethylene (LDPE). The research was oriented on defining the effectiveness of each additive in respect to a reference mixture (unmodified). Seen the complexity of the objective, the experimental plan was divided into five main parts concerning: (I) rheology of bitumens, (II) compaction and volumetric parameters, (III) dynamic stiffness modulus and indirect tensile strength, (IV) fatigue resistance, (V) rut resistance. Each phase focused on a specific theme but together they furnished a complete overview on the behavior of modified asphalt concrete. Experimental data from laboratory were elaborated by means of theoretical models while direct comparisons between modified mixtures were carried out in order to quantify the role of each additive. Based on obtained results it was evident that most of additives had a critical role on the rheological, volumetric and mechanical behavior of asphalt mixtures. On one hand, fibers demonstrated to be a valid reinforcement at high temperatures but they also showed mixing problems with some bitumens. On the other hand, polymers guaranteed higher mechanical performance but a complex rheological behavior. In closure, modification leads to significant improvements when a thorough knowledge of the materials is provided. Most of the additives can improve performance over conventional binders, but they mustn’t be considered as the answer or the panacea for all situations.
La caratterizzazione dei conglomerati bituminosi a caldo è un elemento fondamentale per la progettazione e l’analisi strutturale delle pavimentazioni al fine di ottenere le prestazioni richieste. In Ingegneria stradale sono numerosi i parametri necessari per garantire le performance di un conglomerato bituminoso. In tal senso la modifica dei bitumi è una pratica ampiamente utilizzata per incrementare le prestazioni dei materiali bituminosi. Modificare significa aggiungere un componente in grado di fornire determinate proprietà che il materiale di base non possiede. Apparentemente simili ai leganti ordinari, le proprietà fisiche dei bitumi modificati sono strettamente legate alla viscosità, alle transizioni di fase e al comportamento termico della sostanza aggiunta. Il presente lavoro di tesi ha permesso di approfondire il ruolo di alcune tipologie di fibre e polimeri. Sulla base dello stato dell’arte e di un’ampia ricerca bibliografica tra la normativa tecnica e le principali applicazioni nel mondo, sono stati scelti i seguenti additivi: (a) fibre in cellulosa, (b) fibre sintetiche, (c) fibre in poliestere, (d) etilene vinil acetato (EVA), (e) polipropilene a bassa densità (LDPE). L’obiettivo della ricerca è stato quello di determinare l’efficacia di ciascun additivo in relazione ad una miscela di riferimento (non modificata). Data la complessità dell’obiettivo, il piano sperimentale è stato suddiviso in cinque fasi principali: (I) reologia dei bitumi, (II) parametri volumetrici e di compattazione, (III) modulo dinamico di rigidezza e resistenza a trazione indiretta, (IV) resistenza a fatica, e (V) resistenza all’ormaiamento. Ciascuna fase è stata incentrata su un tema specifico tuttavia nel loro insieme costituiscono un quadro completo del comportamento dei conglomerati bituminosi modificati. I risultati sperimentali ottenuti mediante prove di laboratorio sono stati elaborati tramite modelli teorici mentre i dati provenienti dalle miscele contenenti i singoli additivi sono stati messi a confronto diretto al fine di quantificarne l’effetto rispetto alla miscela di riferimento. Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti è evidente che la maggior parte degli additivi ha avuto un ruolo predominante sulla reologia, sui parametri volumetrici e sul comportamento meccanico delle miscele in conglomerato bituminoso. Da un lato l’aggiunta di fibre ha premesso di ottenere un significativo miglioramento del comportamento alle alte temperature ma allo stesso tempo ha causato alcuni problemi di miscelazione con alcuni tipi di bitume. Dall’altro lato l’aggiunta di polimeri ha portato ad un incremento delle prestazioni meccaniche a discapito di un comportamento reologico più complesso. In definitiva, la modifica può portare a prestazioni significativamente migliori solamente nei casi in cui si dispone di una conoscenza approfondita dei materiali. La maggior parte degli additivi ha la capacità di incrementare le prestazioni rispetto i leganti ordinari, tuttavia la modifica non deve essere considerata come la risposta o la panacea per tutte le situazioni.
Increasing performance of asphalt concrete using fibers and polymers
BROVELLI, CLAUDIO
Abstract
Hot mix asphalt concrete characterization constitutes a fundamental component of pavement structural design and analysis to ensure adequate field performance. In road engineering there are several engineering properties of bituminous materials that must be satisfied in order to achieve the required performance. In this sense asphalt modification is a very common practice to improve that performance. Modification consists of incorporating certain materials with some desired properties within other materials which lack those properties. Similar to conventional binders, the physical properties of modified bitumens are largely controlled by the fundamental properties related to temperature, viscosity and phase transition of the added substance. To this end the present dissertation was aimed to deepen the role of several types of additives including polymers and fibers. Based on the available technical literature and worldwide applications the following additives were evaluated: (a) cellulose fibers, (b) synthetic fibers (c) fibers in polypropylene, (d) Ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA), (e) low-density-polyethylene (LDPE). The research was oriented on defining the effectiveness of each additive in respect to a reference mixture (unmodified). Seen the complexity of the objective, the experimental plan was divided into five main parts concerning: (I) rheology of bitumens, (II) compaction and volumetric parameters, (III) dynamic stiffness modulus and indirect tensile strength, (IV) fatigue resistance, (V) rut resistance. Each phase focused on a specific theme but together they furnished a complete overview on the behavior of modified asphalt concrete. Experimental data from laboratory were elaborated by means of theoretical models while direct comparisons between modified mixtures were carried out in order to quantify the role of each additive. Based on obtained results it was evident that most of additives had a critical role on the rheological, volumetric and mechanical behavior of asphalt mixtures. On one hand, fibers demonstrated to be a valid reinforcement at high temperatures but they also showed mixing problems with some bitumens. On the other hand, polymers guaranteed higher mechanical performance but a complex rheological behavior. In closure, modification leads to significant improvements when a thorough knowledge of the materials is provided. Most of the additives can improve performance over conventional binders, but they mustn’t be considered as the answer or the panacea for all situations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/74201