In recent years, the developments in medical technologies have allowed a progressive improvement of quality of care. The miniaturization of circuits and components, together with the discovery of new materials, has brought to the design and realization of innovative devices, that are revolutionizing the way in which health care is provided. Pregnancy monitoring is a biomedical field in which there has not been significant innovation for the last 20 years. Gestation is evaluated thanks to the common obstetric practice of cardiotocography (CTG), which can be performed only by medical personnel in hospital facilities. Moreover, interpretation of CTG recordings has always been cause of ambiguities, as a consequence of the diffused inter and intra-observer variability in reading this kind of data. The purpose of this thesis is to propose an innovative system to monitor fetal well-being during pregnancy, named TeleFetal Care. TeleFetal Care is a wearable electrocardiographer, characterized by a garment with textile electrodes, that records eight abdominal ECG leads. The device can be used by pregnant women at home and without any external support by clinicians. The last prototype of TeleFetal Care is compact and wearable, and allows recording up to 6 hours of continuous data. The device was tested on 15 pregnant women, allowing the acquisition of 40 abdominal ECG recordings. The dissertation also deals with the extraction of diagnostic information from the acquired recordings. In order to accomplish that, a new algorithm for FECG extraction was developed. The algorithm was tested on three different databases of abdominal ECG recordings, two of them available on PhysioNet and the last one composed by recordings acquired through TeleFetal Care. The algorithm showed an overall accuracy of 91.3% and sensitivity of 93.4% in fetal QRS detection. Moreover, the thesis aimed at quantifying fetal well-being in an objective way, in order to help the classification of growth restricted fetuses. A set of parameters was constructed, that, if applied to heart rate variability signals, can provide a picture of fetal health state. An original index, the Acceleration (or Deceleration) Phase Rectified Slope (APRS or DPRS), was introduced in this draft. The A(D)PRS was tested on a population of 59 healthy and 61 IUGR fetuses, with the intention to quantify the performance in the classification of the two populations. A sensitivity and specificity over 0.8 were obtained both for APRS and DPRS. The new parameters performed better than any other parameter already available in literature. TeleFetal Care represents an innovation in pregnancy monitoring. The possibility to use the system directly at home would enhance the quality of care. The objective evaluation of fetal well-being thanks to quantitative parameters would reduce inter and intra-observer variability in reading heart rate variability recordings. Moreover, the reduction of hospital visits would significantly reduce costs in fetal monitoring.
Negli ultimi decenni, lo sviluppo delle tecnologie biomedicali ha permesso un progressivo miglioramento della qualità di cura. La miniaturizzazione di circuiti e componenti, insieme alla scoperta di materiali innovativi, ha portato alla realizzazione e alla progettazione di nuovi dispositivi, che stanno rivoluzionando la sanità. Il monitoraggio della gravidanza è un campo biomedicale in cui non ci sono state significative innovazioni negli ultimi 20 anni. La gestazione viene monitorata attraverso la comune pratica ostetrica della cardiotocografia, che può essere eseguita solo da personale medico in strutture ospedaliere. Inoltre, l’interpretazione delle registrazioni cardiotocografiche è sempre stata soggetta ad ambiguità a causa della diffusa variabilità inter ed intra operatore nella lettura di questo tipo di segnali. Lo scopo di questa tesi è proporre un sistema innovativo per il monitoraggio della salute fetale in gravidanza, chiamato TeleFetal Care. TeleFetal Care è un elettrocardiografo indossabile, caratterizzato da un indumento con elettrodi tessili, che permette la registrazione di otto derivazioni elettrocardiografiche addominali. Il dispositivo può essere utilizzato dalle donne in gravidanza a casa e senza nessun aiuto da parte dell’equipe medica. L’ultimo prototipo di TeleFetal Care è compatto e indossabile, e permette di registrare fino a 6 ore di tracciato continuativo. Il dispositivo è stato testato su 15 donne in gravidanza, per un totale di 40 registrazioni ECG addominali. La tesi affronta anche il problema dell’estrazione di informazioni diagnostiche dai tracciati registrati. Per far questo, è stato sviluppato un nuovo algoritmo per l’estrazione dell’ECG fetale. L’algoritmo è stato testato su 3 diversi database di registrazioni ECG addominali, i primi due disponibili su PhysioNet e il terzo costituito dalle registrazioni effettuate con TeleFetal Care. L’algoritmo ha mostrato un’accuratezza del 91.3% e una sensitività del 93.4% nella detezione dei QRS fetali. Inoltre, il lavoro svolto si è concentrato sulla quantificazione del benessere fetale in maniera oggettiva, per permettere l’individuazione di feti con restrizioni di crescita intrauterina (IUGR). E’ stato definito un set di parametri che, se applicato ai segnali di variabilità cardiaca fetale, permette di ottenere informazioni sulla salute fetale. In questa tesi è stato definito un nuovo indice, l’Acceleration (o Deceleration) Phase Rectified Slope (APRS or DPRS). L’A(D)PRS è stato testato su una popolazione di 59 feti sani e 61 feti IUGR, con lo scopo di quantificare le performance nella classificazione delle due popolazioni. E’ stato possibile ottenere una sensitività e una specificità superiori a 0.8 sia per l’APRS sia per il DPRS. I nuovi parametri hanno mostrato delle performance superiori a quelle di qualunque altro parametro definito in letteratura. TeleFetal Care rappresenta un’innovazione nel monitoraggio della gravidanza. La possibilità di utilizzare il sistema nell’ambiente domiciliare permette di migliorare la qualità di cura. La valutazione oggettiva della salute fetale grazie a parametri quantitativi permette di ridurre la variabilità inter e intra operatore nell’interpretazione di registrazioni di variabilità cardiaca fetale. Inoltre, la riduzione del numero di visite ospedaliere garantirebbe una diminuzione significativa dei costi sostenuti per il monitoraggio fetale.
TeleFetal Care : development of a wearable system for fetal monitoring during pregnancy
FANELLI, ANDREA
Abstract
In recent years, the developments in medical technologies have allowed a progressive improvement of quality of care. The miniaturization of circuits and components, together with the discovery of new materials, has brought to the design and realization of innovative devices, that are revolutionizing the way in which health care is provided. Pregnancy monitoring is a biomedical field in which there has not been significant innovation for the last 20 years. Gestation is evaluated thanks to the common obstetric practice of cardiotocography (CTG), which can be performed only by medical personnel in hospital facilities. Moreover, interpretation of CTG recordings has always been cause of ambiguities, as a consequence of the diffused inter and intra-observer variability in reading this kind of data. The purpose of this thesis is to propose an innovative system to monitor fetal well-being during pregnancy, named TeleFetal Care. TeleFetal Care is a wearable electrocardiographer, characterized by a garment with textile electrodes, that records eight abdominal ECG leads. The device can be used by pregnant women at home and without any external support by clinicians. The last prototype of TeleFetal Care is compact and wearable, and allows recording up to 6 hours of continuous data. The device was tested on 15 pregnant women, allowing the acquisition of 40 abdominal ECG recordings. The dissertation also deals with the extraction of diagnostic information from the acquired recordings. In order to accomplish that, a new algorithm for FECG extraction was developed. The algorithm was tested on three different databases of abdominal ECG recordings, two of them available on PhysioNet and the last one composed by recordings acquired through TeleFetal Care. The algorithm showed an overall accuracy of 91.3% and sensitivity of 93.4% in fetal QRS detection. Moreover, the thesis aimed at quantifying fetal well-being in an objective way, in order to help the classification of growth restricted fetuses. A set of parameters was constructed, that, if applied to heart rate variability signals, can provide a picture of fetal health state. An original index, the Acceleration (or Deceleration) Phase Rectified Slope (APRS or DPRS), was introduced in this draft. The A(D)PRS was tested on a population of 59 healthy and 61 IUGR fetuses, with the intention to quantify the performance in the classification of the two populations. A sensitivity and specificity over 0.8 were obtained both for APRS and DPRS. The new parameters performed better than any other parameter already available in literature. TeleFetal Care represents an innovation in pregnancy monitoring. The possibility to use the system directly at home would enhance the quality of care. The objective evaluation of fetal well-being thanks to quantitative parameters would reduce inter and intra-observer variability in reading heart rate variability recordings. Moreover, the reduction of hospital visits would significantly reduce costs in fetal monitoring.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/74292