This research goals are the gathering and the networking of specific guide lines to define a landscape enhancement process of local territories crossed by great mobility infrastructure. These principles were deduced by the detailed analysis of the contemporary and past European and American experience related to this topic. Moreover, to define the process phases it was necessary to abstract the main elements from the enhancement proposal project of the Cremona-Mantova highway, developed in the central part of this research. This project has been built through the meta-project tool borrowed from the design and architectural technology disciplines. Its own structure allows the splitting of a complex process in simpler elements. Through these elements it was possible to identify macro-phases, expected results and possible options such as tools, documents and subjects forming it. The enhancement process has been defined as voluntary tool that helps to create a stable relationship between proponent authority and local community. The formulated enhancement system influences the whole infrastructure design process: from the infrastructure preliminary design to the infrastructure managing in the working phase. In order to make this research feasible its integration in the current process of Environmental Impact Assessment has been supposed. The first chapter of the research analyzes the mobility infrastructure features and the relationships between landscape and infrastructures. The first point analyzes subjects such as terminology, legislation (from European principles to Italian legislation) and European and American infrastructure history while the second point is about the research of the kind of infrastructure to be analyzed thus giving the reason behind this choice. This research is about the wide mobility infrastructure system such as highways but also technical elements and artifacts such as overpasses, viaducts and bridges, junctions and traffic circles, tunnels and their services such as toll booths, service areas and stations, parking areas, noise barriers, embankments and mitigations. The second and third chapters of the research deal with the state-of-the-art about the theory of infrastructures insertion in landscape from a local enhancement point of view. In this section it is analyzed the relationship between the conservation and the transformation in the “infrastructure-landscape” system and its strengths and weaknesses. The historical model, and the different cultural approaches on the subject, have been developed examining, in depth, the contribution of two of the main protagonists: Lynch and Lassus. To set the analysis and to increase the research sample group, the European programs, the Italian researches (PRIN) and some main contribution from technological platforms (PTE and PTIC), have been identified and analyzed. About the design experimentations, to arrange the research, a list of actions has been identified. This list has been necessary to define the investigation field, otherwise too wide and not consistent, and to focus the attention on the great infrastructures giving added value to the landscape, following the principles identified as typical elements of the context critical interpretation. The case studies identification and choice have been guided from the assumption that the infrastructures are an added value to the territory, and so they can represent a valid support to the enhancement process, both because of their intrinsic value, and because of the relationship they develop with the landscape and with the local community. In order to make general considerations, a representative sample of international and national case studies has been identified, with the goal of building a proposal of a model useful to direct the territory enhancement process. A critical analysis has been made through a grid of drive forces indentified, gathered from the case history and cultural approaches, allowed to pass judgment on the best practice examined. From this analysis four essential elements have been discovered: the multidimensional reading of the local territory, the definition of new tools and the correction of the existing ones, process quality and sustainability, and finally the design addresses to the enhancement of the local territory. While the first three elements need structural actions on the system and on the legislation, the last one collects the cues from the analysis and organizes them in a model of local system enhancement. The research ends with the codification of these observations and design elements in a model composed by guide lines able to regulate local territory enhancement system. The fourth and fifth chapters get close to the architectural technology subject, the hypothesis that has been verified is if with process tools, the local system involved in a great infrastructure project, can find in it a driving force to the local territory enhancement of landscape, culture and tourism. To structure a territorial enhancement model, it has been necessary to experiment a design proposal. This operation allowed the verification of its feasibility and it permitted to abstract the model in order to use it in different territorial contexts. As a design proposal, the territory of Mantova has been chosen after a deep analysis of its heritage. In order to analyze its heritage, provincial and regional addresses and developed academic studies have been taken into account. After those actions the project of the Cremona-Mantova highway has been chosen as the experimental case to be considered. Evoluting the highway final design, the masterplan of the local system enhancement has been designed. From the strategic addresses taken from the masterplan, a pilot project has been designed. The comparison with the reality allowed to better calibrate the design proposals which in the model have been split in expected results and possible options and tools. So the model presents itself like a voluntary tool, and it is able to address the infrastructure territorial system design and to be an inspection tool useful to check the design choices. The main expected goal of this research is the building of a model, taken from the theoretical and practical contributions from the literature and from the Mantova-Cremona highway design proposal, able to suggest to different territorial realities, combined by the presence of a mobility infrastructure project, a way to proceed. The suggested way should help to involve and enhance the whole local system, starting from key elements like public and private subjects about economics, politics, technology, communities and tangible and intangible heritage. Through the relationship between these key elements and with the help of involvement and digital tools it is possible to build a network able to guarantee the good work of the whole system. The key strategies of the built model are: • definition of analysis instruments involving local communities; • identification and assignment of the value of the landscape and local system; • building of a work rooted in the territory, seen as a modern public space, and resulted from the dialectic relationship between the local system elements; • definition of a new aesthetic design able to express the trade-off between the territory cultural identity and the present/future issues; • definition of quality standards useful to determine the correct balance in the relationship between landscape and infrastructure, using also renewable resources; • definition of digital tools, based on e-participation technologies, to increase the local involvement in the process design, and to increase the wide involvement in the communication and handling phases of the designed enhancement system; • definition of networks of local subjects and recognition of a handler-moderator of the whole system.
Il sistema territoriale locale coinvolto dal progetto di una grande infrastruttura per la mobilità può trovare in essa un vero e proprio volano per la sua valorizzazione a livello paesaggistico, culturale e turistico se l’infrastruttura stessa è in grado di attivare e mettere in rete processi di valorizzazione dell’identità culturale e del patrimonio del territorio attraversato. Con questa logica l’obiettivo della ricerca è stato raccogliere e mettere tra loro in relazione delle linee guida, derivate da una analisi particolareggiata dell’esperienza contemporanea, per la definizione di un processo di valorizzazione del paesaggio e del territorio locale attraversato dalle grandi infrastrutture per la mobilità. Per determinare le fasi che compongono tale processo è stato necessario astrarre le indicazioni progettuali del progetto di valorizzazione proposto per il territorio mantovano coinvolto dal progetto autostradale della Cremona-Mantova che, attraverso il supporto dello strumento metaprogettuale, mutuato dalle discipline del design e della tecnologia dell’architettura, ha permesso di scomporre in elementi semplici il complesso iter processuale. Con il contributo duale di questi elementi è stato possibile individuare macro-fasi, risultati attesi e possibili alternative (strumenti, documenti, soggetti) che lo compongono. Il processo di valorizzazione è stato definito come uno strumento di adesione volontaria che facilita i rapporti fra l’autorità proponente e il contesto locale ed è in grado di influenzare la progettazione preliminare dell’infrastruttura e gestire nella fase di utilizzazione dell’infrastruttura il sistema della valorizzazione. In termini attuativi è stato ipotizzato un suo inserimento nell’attuale sistema di valutazione di impatto ambientale. La prima parte della ricerca analizza in termini generali e specifici le infrastrutture per la mobilità e il sistema di relazioni “paesaggio-infrastrutture” da un punto di vista terminologico, normativo (a partire dagli indirizzi europei fino a scendere alla normativa italiana) e storico. Successivamente si è passati a individuare, motivandone la scelta, la tipologia di infrastruttura che si è scelto di analizzare: le grandi infrastrutture per la mobilità intendendo con questa terminologia l’intero sistema infrastrutturale composto dall’insieme degli elementi strutturali quali sovrappassi, viadotti e ponti, svincoli e rotatorie, testate delle gallerie e delle opere a suo servizio (caselli, stazioni, aree di sosta, barriere antirumore, rilevati in terra e interventi di mitigazione). La parte centrale della ricerca analizza la letteratura relativa alle teorie dell’inserimento delle infrastrutture nel paesaggio, in termini di valorizzazione locale, a livello internazionale e dell’inevitabile rapporto tra conservazione e trasformazione, relazione forte che lega la questione al progetto del sistema paesaggio-infrastrutture. Il modello storico, e i diversi approcci culturali in materia, sono stati sviluppati approfondendo l’apporto di due fra i principali protagonisti: Lynch e Lassus. Sono poi state individuate e analizzate, per poter sistematizzare l’analisi e abbracciare un più ampio e completo possibile parterre di interventi, i programmi europei, la ricerca nazionale (PRIN) e il contributo derivante dalla piattaforma tecnologica (PTE e PTIC). Per quanto riguarda invece le sperimentazioni progettuali, per poter sistematizzare la ricerca, è stata individuata una tassonomia di interventi. Questa si è resa necessaria per delimitare il campo d’indagine altrimenti troppo vasto e dispersivo e per poter focalizzare l’attenzione relativamente a grandi opere infrastrutturali che possano attribuire un valore aggiunto al paesaggio secondo i principi individuati come caratteristici dalla lettura critica del contesto di riferimento. L’individuazione e la scelta dei casi studio sono state condotte a partire dal presupposto che le infrastrutture costituiscono una potenzialità per il territorio e quindi possono rappresentare un valido supporto al processo di valorizzazione sia per il loro valore intrinseco sia per il rapporto che sviluppano con il paesaggio e con la collettività che vi risiede. Per poter effettuare delle considerazioni di carattere generale, al fine di arrivare in ultima istanza alla stesura di una proposta di un modello utile a indirizzare la progettazione di un processo di valorizzazione territoriale, è stato individuato un campione significativo di casi studio internazionali e nazionali. Un’analisi critica è stata sviluppata attraverso una griglia delle potenzialità individuate, derivate dalla case history e dagli approcci culturali, la quale ha permesso di esprimere un giudizio sulle best practice esaminate e trarre delle indicazioni utili alla costruzione del modello generale. Da questa fase di analisi sono emerse quattro dimensioni dalle quali non è possibile prescindere: una lettura multidimensionale del territorio locale di riferimento, la definizione di politiche e strumenti e risignificazione di quelli esistenti, la qualità di processo e la sostenibilità dell’opera e infine gli indirizzi progettuali per la valorizzazione del territorio locale. Mentre le prime tre dimensioni individuate prevedono degli interventi strutturali a livello di sistema e di normativa, l’ultimo elemento raccoglie parte degli spunti contenuti nelle altre indicazioni ed è stato strutturato in un modello di valorizzazione del sistema locale. L’ultima parte della tesi è finalizzata alla codifica delle osservazioni e degli elementi progettuali in un modello composto da linee guida in grado di regolare il sistema di valorizzazione del territorio locale. Nello specifico, avvicinandosi alla disciplina della tecnologia dell’architettura, l’ipotesi che si è voluto verificare è se con l’ausilio di strumenti processuali il sistema locale coinvolto dal progetto di una grande infrastruttura può trovare in essa un vero e proprio volano per la valorizzazione culturale del territorio locale. Per poter strutturare un modello di valorizzazione territoriale è stato necessario sperimentare a livello progettuale una proposta. Questa operazione è servita a verificare la sua fattibilità e ha permesso di astrarre il modello in modo tale da permetterne una sua replicabilità in contesti territoriali differenti. Per la proposta progettuale si è scelto il territorio mantovano e, dopo un’attenta analisi del suo patrimonio e delle sue vocazioni elaborata a partire dagli indirizzi provinciali e regionali e dagli esiti degli studi di ricerca dell’unità “Governance, progetto e valorizzazione dell'ambiente costruito” precedentemente sviluppati sul territorio è stato individuato il progetto dell’autostrada regionale Cremona-Mantova come caso sperimentale. Sulla base del progetto definitivo dell’autostrada è stato progettato il masterplan per la valorizzazione del sistema locale e elaborato un progetto pilota legato agli indirizzi strategici individuati con il primo. Il confronto con la dimensione reale ha permesso di meglio calibrare le proposte progettuali che nel modello sono state articolate in risultati attesi e possibili alternative. Il modello si pone quindi come strumento di adozione volontaria ed è in grado di indirizzare la progettazione del sistema territoriale dell’infrastruttura nell’ottica di valorizzazione auspicata, divenendo anche strumento di controllo della bontà delle scelte progettuali effettuate. Il principale obiettivo raggiunto è stata la costruzione di un modello, derivato dai contributi teorici e pratici della letteratura e dalla proposta progettuale elaborata per Mantova, in grado di suggerire a differenti realtà territoriali, accumunate dalla presenza di un progetto di una infrastruttura per la mobilità, un modo di procedere per coinvolgere e valorizzare l’intero sistema locale a partire dagli elementi che lo compongono, quali i soggetti pubblici e privati del campo economico, politico, istituzionale, tecnico, comunità e il patrimonio materiale e immateriale. Gli elementi strategici che stanno alla base del modello costruito possono essere riassunti nei seguenti concetti chiave: definizione di strumenti di analisi che prevedono il coinvolgimento della comunità locale; riconoscimento e attribuzione del valore di paesaggio e di sistema locale; realizzazione di un’opera radicata nel territorio, quale moderno spazio pubblico, ed espressione di un rapporto dialettico fra gli elementi del sistema locale; definizione di una nuova estetica progettuale in grado di esprimere il rapporto tra identità culturale di un territorio e contemporaneità; definizione di standard qualitativi utili a determinare il giusto equilibrio nel rapporto fra paesaggio e infrastruttura, con il ricorso all’uso di risorse rinnovabili; definizione di strumenti digitali, basati su tecnologie di e-participation per il coinvolgimento locale in fase progettuale e il coinvolgimento a scala ampia per la fase di comunicazione e gestione del sistema di valorizzazione progettato; definizione di reti di attori locali e individuazione di un soggetto gestore-moderatore dell’intero sistema.
Tra mobilità e paesaggio. Le infrastrutture come strumento per la valorizzazione del paesaggio
LEALI, GIUSI
Abstract
This research goals are the gathering and the networking of specific guide lines to define a landscape enhancement process of local territories crossed by great mobility infrastructure. These principles were deduced by the detailed analysis of the contemporary and past European and American experience related to this topic. Moreover, to define the process phases it was necessary to abstract the main elements from the enhancement proposal project of the Cremona-Mantova highway, developed in the central part of this research. This project has been built through the meta-project tool borrowed from the design and architectural technology disciplines. Its own structure allows the splitting of a complex process in simpler elements. Through these elements it was possible to identify macro-phases, expected results and possible options such as tools, documents and subjects forming it. The enhancement process has been defined as voluntary tool that helps to create a stable relationship between proponent authority and local community. The formulated enhancement system influences the whole infrastructure design process: from the infrastructure preliminary design to the infrastructure managing in the working phase. In order to make this research feasible its integration in the current process of Environmental Impact Assessment has been supposed. The first chapter of the research analyzes the mobility infrastructure features and the relationships between landscape and infrastructures. The first point analyzes subjects such as terminology, legislation (from European principles to Italian legislation) and European and American infrastructure history while the second point is about the research of the kind of infrastructure to be analyzed thus giving the reason behind this choice. This research is about the wide mobility infrastructure system such as highways but also technical elements and artifacts such as overpasses, viaducts and bridges, junctions and traffic circles, tunnels and their services such as toll booths, service areas and stations, parking areas, noise barriers, embankments and mitigations. The second and third chapters of the research deal with the state-of-the-art about the theory of infrastructures insertion in landscape from a local enhancement point of view. In this section it is analyzed the relationship between the conservation and the transformation in the “infrastructure-landscape” system and its strengths and weaknesses. The historical model, and the different cultural approaches on the subject, have been developed examining, in depth, the contribution of two of the main protagonists: Lynch and Lassus. To set the analysis and to increase the research sample group, the European programs, the Italian researches (PRIN) and some main contribution from technological platforms (PTE and PTIC), have been identified and analyzed. About the design experimentations, to arrange the research, a list of actions has been identified. This list has been necessary to define the investigation field, otherwise too wide and not consistent, and to focus the attention on the great infrastructures giving added value to the landscape, following the principles identified as typical elements of the context critical interpretation. The case studies identification and choice have been guided from the assumption that the infrastructures are an added value to the territory, and so they can represent a valid support to the enhancement process, both because of their intrinsic value, and because of the relationship they develop with the landscape and with the local community. In order to make general considerations, a representative sample of international and national case studies has been identified, with the goal of building a proposal of a model useful to direct the territory enhancement process. A critical analysis has been made through a grid of drive forces indentified, gathered from the case history and cultural approaches, allowed to pass judgment on the best practice examined. From this analysis four essential elements have been discovered: the multidimensional reading of the local territory, the definition of new tools and the correction of the existing ones, process quality and sustainability, and finally the design addresses to the enhancement of the local territory. While the first three elements need structural actions on the system and on the legislation, the last one collects the cues from the analysis and organizes them in a model of local system enhancement. The research ends with the codification of these observations and design elements in a model composed by guide lines able to regulate local territory enhancement system. The fourth and fifth chapters get close to the architectural technology subject, the hypothesis that has been verified is if with process tools, the local system involved in a great infrastructure project, can find in it a driving force to the local territory enhancement of landscape, culture and tourism. To structure a territorial enhancement model, it has been necessary to experiment a design proposal. This operation allowed the verification of its feasibility and it permitted to abstract the model in order to use it in different territorial contexts. As a design proposal, the territory of Mantova has been chosen after a deep analysis of its heritage. In order to analyze its heritage, provincial and regional addresses and developed academic studies have been taken into account. After those actions the project of the Cremona-Mantova highway has been chosen as the experimental case to be considered. Evoluting the highway final design, the masterplan of the local system enhancement has been designed. From the strategic addresses taken from the masterplan, a pilot project has been designed. The comparison with the reality allowed to better calibrate the design proposals which in the model have been split in expected results and possible options and tools. So the model presents itself like a voluntary tool, and it is able to address the infrastructure territorial system design and to be an inspection tool useful to check the design choices. The main expected goal of this research is the building of a model, taken from the theoretical and practical contributions from the literature and from the Mantova-Cremona highway design proposal, able to suggest to different territorial realities, combined by the presence of a mobility infrastructure project, a way to proceed. The suggested way should help to involve and enhance the whole local system, starting from key elements like public and private subjects about economics, politics, technology, communities and tangible and intangible heritage. Through the relationship between these key elements and with the help of involvement and digital tools it is possible to build a network able to guarantee the good work of the whole system. The key strategies of the built model are: • definition of analysis instruments involving local communities; • identification and assignment of the value of the landscape and local system; • building of a work rooted in the territory, seen as a modern public space, and resulted from the dialectic relationship between the local system elements; • definition of a new aesthetic design able to express the trade-off between the territory cultural identity and the present/future issues; • definition of quality standards useful to determine the correct balance in the relationship between landscape and infrastructure, using also renewable resources; • definition of digital tools, based on e-participation technologies, to increase the local involvement in the process design, and to increase the wide involvement in the communication and handling phases of the designed enhancement system; • definition of networks of local subjects and recognition of a handler-moderator of the whole system.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi e tavole di progetto
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/74382