The subject of the research is the development of climate control strategies in conservation environments, focusing on the issues involved in indoor climate analysis within historic buildings. Climate control in conservation environments within historic buildings is a complicate task which has relevant consequences on the preservation of cultural heritage and is generally characterised by conflicting needs. First of all, suitable hygrothermal conditions should be provided for the preservation of artworkss: the question on which are the best conditions for the artworks has been discussed for centuries. On the other hand, the introduction of modern climate control devices in heritage buildings can lead to serious consequences on building preservation. This issue became evident with the progressive tightening of suggested ranges of temperature and relative humidity, which has favoured the spread of modern air conditioning in museums. Other questions are related to the conflict between the hygrothermal needs of artworks and those of people, which do not always coincide, and, recently, to the growing need for sustainable buildings, both in the sense of an higher energy efficiency and in the sense of a reduction of operating costs. These issues are critically reviewed in the thesis through the adoption of a historical methodology, developed from a reflection on the concept of historical climate. This is intended in a double meaning: not only as the climatic conditions to which today an object has become acclimatised, as indicated in the EN 15757:2010 standard, but also as the study of the climate control strategies adopted in the past in conservation environments. That means to analyse how climate control systems and hygrothermal standards for conservation developed in the past and, at the same time, to improve our knowledge on indoor environments within historic buildings by coupling historical research on climate control systems with indoor climate analyses. The double use of the concept of historical climate is reflected in the division of the thesis into two parts. In the first one, the historical development of climate control strategies for conservation is examined. The focus is on the museum environment, since in this context the influence of hygrothermal parameters on artwork preservation started to be observed and was extensively studied until our days. The second part of the thesis will deal with the application of a historical approach to the climate analysis and monitoring of two case studies: Villa Reale, in Milan, and Skokloster Castle, in Sweden. Positive results obtained by the application of the concept of historic climate to historic buildings are finally discussed and presented.
Il tema della ricerca è lo sviluppo di strategie di controllo del clima negli ambienti di conservazione, con particolare attenzione alle questioni inerenti l'analisi del clima interno negli edifici storici. Il controllo del clima in ambienti di conservazione posti all'interno di edifici storici, è un problema complesso che ha rilevanti conseguenze sulla conservazione del patrimonio culturale e che è generalmente caratterizzato da contrapposte necessità. Innanzitutto devono essere fornite delle condizioni termoigrometriche adatte alla conservazione delle opere d'arte: la questione su quali siano queste condizioni è stata dibattuta per secoli. D'altra parte l'introduzione di moderni apparati per il controllo del clima nei beni architettonici può portare a serie conseguenze per la loro conservazione. Tale questione divenne evidente con il progressivo restringersi degli intervalli consigliati di temperatura e umidità relativa, che ha favorito la diffusione del condizionamento dell'aria nei musei. Altri problemi sono legati al conflitto tra i requisiti termoigrometrici delle opere e quelli delle persone, che non sempre corrispondono, e, in tempi più recenti, al crescente bisogno di edifici sostenibili, sia nel senso di una maggiore efficienza energetica, sia nel senso di una riduzione dei costi di gestione. Tutte queste questioni sono riviste criticamente nella tesi tramite l'uso di una metodologia storica sviluppata a partire da una riflessione sul concetto di clima storico. Questo è inteso in un doppio significato: non solo come le condizioni climatiche a cui oggi un oggetto risulta acclimatato, come indicato dallo standard EN 15757:2010, ma anche come lo studio delle strategie di controllo del clima adottate in passato negli ambienti di conservazione. Ciò significa analizzare come i sistemi di controllo del clima e gli standard termoigrometrici per la conservazione si siano sviluppati nel passato e, allo stesso tempo, accrescere la nostra conoscenza degli ambienti interni negli edifici storici attraverso l'unione tra ricerca storica sui sistemi di controllo del clima e analisi del clima interno. Il doppio uso del concetto di clima storico si riflette nella divisione in due parti della tesi. Nella prima viene esaminato lo sviluppo storico delle strategie di controllo del clima per la conservazione., con particolare attenzione all'ambiente museale poiché è in tale contesto che l'influenza dei parametri termoigrometrici sulla conservazione delle opere cominciò ad essere osservata ed è stata particolarmente studiata fino ai giorni nostri. La seconda parte della tesi riguarderà l'applicazione di un approccio storico alle attività di analisi e monitoraggio del clima in due casi studio: Villa Reale a Milano e il castello di Skokloster in Svezia. A chiusura del lavoro, sono discussi e presentati i risultati positivi ottenuti dall'applicazione del concetto di clima storico agli edifici storici.
Historical climates and conservation environments. Historical perspectives on climate control strategies within museums and heritage buildings
LUCIANI, ANDREA
Abstract
The subject of the research is the development of climate control strategies in conservation environments, focusing on the issues involved in indoor climate analysis within historic buildings. Climate control in conservation environments within historic buildings is a complicate task which has relevant consequences on the preservation of cultural heritage and is generally characterised by conflicting needs. First of all, suitable hygrothermal conditions should be provided for the preservation of artworkss: the question on which are the best conditions for the artworks has been discussed for centuries. On the other hand, the introduction of modern climate control devices in heritage buildings can lead to serious consequences on building preservation. This issue became evident with the progressive tightening of suggested ranges of temperature and relative humidity, which has favoured the spread of modern air conditioning in museums. Other questions are related to the conflict between the hygrothermal needs of artworks and those of people, which do not always coincide, and, recently, to the growing need for sustainable buildings, both in the sense of an higher energy efficiency and in the sense of a reduction of operating costs. These issues are critically reviewed in the thesis through the adoption of a historical methodology, developed from a reflection on the concept of historical climate. This is intended in a double meaning: not only as the climatic conditions to which today an object has become acclimatised, as indicated in the EN 15757:2010 standard, but also as the study of the climate control strategies adopted in the past in conservation environments. That means to analyse how climate control systems and hygrothermal standards for conservation developed in the past and, at the same time, to improve our knowledge on indoor environments within historic buildings by coupling historical research on climate control systems with indoor climate analyses. The double use of the concept of historical climate is reflected in the division of the thesis into two parts. In the first one, the historical development of climate control strategies for conservation is examined. The focus is on the museum environment, since in this context the influence of hygrothermal parameters on artwork preservation started to be observed and was extensively studied until our days. The second part of the thesis will deal with the application of a historical approach to the climate analysis and monitoring of two case studies: Villa Reale, in Milan, and Skokloster Castle, in Sweden. Positive results obtained by the application of the concept of historic climate to historic buildings are finally discussed and presented.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/74423