Hemodialysis is a complex renal replacement therapy that purify the patient's blood of toxic substances and excess of water, with solute and fluid volumes exchange process. The aim of this work is simulating, with computional models, the most common extracorporeal technique: standard hemodialysis (SHD), hemodiafiltration (HDF), acetate free biofiltration (AFB), for the last one there are two type AFB and AFBk. For the first two technique there was improved previous mathematical models, optimized in order to improve customisation on the patient, for the third technique there was developed a new one. First step of this work it was data acquisition from hemodialysis sessions: electrolytes concentration (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate) were acquired from emogas-analyser together with the other data related to the hemodilysis, recorded by a dedicated software. Second step was developments of a computational model, implemented with MATLAB (R7) software. The simulation need pre-treatment patient data and renal replacement devices settings as inputs, to produce electrolytes concentration and compartiment's voume profiles in output. It was assessed the descriptive power of the models developed. With bioimpedentiometric data registered from the patients, Watson's formula accuracy was evaluated, for TBW (Total Body Weight) calculation. These three models are integrated in a single devices, that allow to choose from the available thecnique, the one to simulate, with a user friendly graphical interface. At the end of the work, there was illustrated various possible applications of developed models, and evaluated the results in comparison with clinical evidences
L'emodialisi è un complesso trattamento sostitutivo della funzione renale che, attraverso scambi di massa e volume, permette la depurazione del sangue del soggetto uremico dalle sostanze di scarto e dai fluidi accumulati. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è di simulare, attraverso modelli computazionali, le principali metodiche dialitiche in uso, che sono l’emodialisi standard (SHD), l'emodiafiltrazione (HDF) e l'acetate free biofiltration (AFB), quest'ultima nelle sue due versioni AFB e AFB-k. Per le prime due tipologie di dialisi sono stati ottimizzati due modelli già esistenti, mirando alla personalizzazione sullo specifico paziente, per la terza metodica invece è stato elaborato un nuovo modello. La prima fase del lavoro ha previsto l'acquisizione di dati reali relativi alle sedute di dialisi: le concentrazioni plasmatiche orarie dei principali elettroliti (sodio, potassio, cloro, calcio, bicarbonato), ottenute attraverso emogas-analisi, e i dati macchina, memorizzati dal software di gestione del trattamento. In seguito i modelli sono stati sviluppati ed implementati utilizzando il software per il calcolo numerico Matlab (R7). Le simulazioni richiedono in ingresso i dati iniziali del paziente e le impostazioni della macchina dializzatrice, fornendo in uscita gli andamenti delle concentrazioni plasmatiche degli elettroliti considerati e l'andamento dei volumi nei diversi compartimenti. E’ stata valutata la capacità descrittiva dei modelli implementati. I dati ottenuti dalle bioimpedenziometrie, effettuate sui pazienti, hanno permesso di valutare l’accuratezza della formula di Watson, scelta nel presente lavoro, per il calcolo del TBW (Total Body Weight). Questi tre modelli si presentano integrati in un unico strumento, che permette di scegliere la metodica di emodialisi da simulare tra le tre disponibili, tramite un'interfaccia grafica di semplice utilizzo. Si mostrano infine alcune possibili applicazioni dei modelli, e il riscontro tra i risultati, ottenuti a livello modellistico e le evidenze cliniche.
Modello integrato per la simulazione di tre tipologie di emodialisi : standard, HDF, AFB
GASPARINI, MARTA
2011/2012
Abstract
Hemodialysis is a complex renal replacement therapy that purify the patient's blood of toxic substances and excess of water, with solute and fluid volumes exchange process. The aim of this work is simulating, with computional models, the most common extracorporeal technique: standard hemodialysis (SHD), hemodiafiltration (HDF), acetate free biofiltration (AFB), for the last one there are two type AFB and AFBk. For the first two technique there was improved previous mathematical models, optimized in order to improve customisation on the patient, for the third technique there was developed a new one. First step of this work it was data acquisition from hemodialysis sessions: electrolytes concentration (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate) were acquired from emogas-analyser together with the other data related to the hemodilysis, recorded by a dedicated software. Second step was developments of a computational model, implemented with MATLAB (R7) software. The simulation need pre-treatment patient data and renal replacement devices settings as inputs, to produce electrolytes concentration and compartiment's voume profiles in output. It was assessed the descriptive power of the models developed. With bioimpedentiometric data registered from the patients, Watson's formula accuracy was evaluated, for TBW (Total Body Weight) calculation. These three models are integrated in a single devices, that allow to choose from the available thecnique, the one to simulate, with a user friendly graphical interface. At the end of the work, there was illustrated various possible applications of developed models, and evaluated the results in comparison with clinical evidencesFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/77101