Offshoring, i.e. the relocation of a business process, has achieved an increasing importance during the recent years. Companies, through the relocation of parts of their business activities overseas, have reached new favourable opportunities. A key aspect, but not fully analysed yet, is the study of offshoring of R&D and innovation activities. This work focuses on three research purposes. The first objective is to analyze the characteristics of offshoring of innovation, to find the distinctive features compared to offshoring of low and middle value services. The objective is to identify the existence of distinctive features compared to offshoring of innovation in terms of governance models adopted, the countries of destination of the projects and the size of the firms carrying out this strategy. In the analysis fall into the category of activities with high added value (related to the development of knowledge and innovation): R&D, product design services, engineering services and analytical and knowledge services. The second objective is to identify the relationship between the type of activity involved in the project of offshoring (low, medium and high added value) and drivers underpinning the projects, perceived risks by enterprises, location factors that affect the choice of destination country and performances achieved by the implementation of offshoring. The third objective consist in deepening the relation between the elements defined in the preceding list and the type of activity mediated by specific characteristics of the company (size) and characteristics of the project (the destination country). To achieve the three objectives were used frequency analysis and statistical tests using the database provided by Offshoring Research Network (ORN).
L’offshoring, cioè la delocalizzazione di attività aziendali, nata intorno al 1960, ha assunto negli anni un’importanza sempre maggiore. Le imprese ormai lo considerano uno strumento indispensabile per migliorare la gestione dei processi aziendali, sia in ambito manifatturiero sia in quello dei servizi. Negli anni novanta c’è stata poi una svolta importante: oltre alle attività labour intensive, anche i servizi di business sono diventati oggetto di internazionalizzazione. Oggi la delocalizzazione di attività a elevato valore aggiunto è in costante crescita. Il presente lavoro di ricerca amplia gli studi empirici finora svolti sull’argomento, andando ad approfondire le analisi relative all’offshoring delle attività ad alto contenuto innovativo. Nel lavoro vengono identificati i tratti caratteristici dell’offshoring dell’innovazione e vengono sottolineate le differenze che contraddistinguono l’offshoring delle attività ad alto valore aggiunto da quello delle attività a medio – basso valore aggiunto. L’analisi approfondisce le relazioni che intercorrono tra i driver, i rischi, i fattori localizzativi, le performance e il tipo di attività delocalizzata. Inoltre, tale relazione viene valutata anche rispetto a elementi di mediazione quali la dimensione dell’impresa che attua il progetto di offshoring e al Paese di destinazione del progetto di delocalizzazione. A tale scopo sono stati effettuati test statici e approfondite analisi delle frequenze (con il supporto del software statistico Analyse – it) utilizzando le informazioni del database Offshoring Research Network 2009. Le analisi hanno confermato la maggior parte delle ipotesi iniziali, ed hanno permesso di mettere in luce le relazioni che itercorrono tra driver, rischi, performance, fattori localizzativi e tipo di attività delocalizzata e l’effetto della dimensione aziendale e del Paese di destinazione su queste relazioni.
Offshoring dell'R & D e delle attività innovative. Un'analisi empirica
SANTORO, LUIGI
2011/2012
Abstract
Offshoring, i.e. the relocation of a business process, has achieved an increasing importance during the recent years. Companies, through the relocation of parts of their business activities overseas, have reached new favourable opportunities. A key aspect, but not fully analysed yet, is the study of offshoring of R&D and innovation activities. This work focuses on three research purposes. The first objective is to analyze the characteristics of offshoring of innovation, to find the distinctive features compared to offshoring of low and middle value services. The objective is to identify the existence of distinctive features compared to offshoring of innovation in terms of governance models adopted, the countries of destination of the projects and the size of the firms carrying out this strategy. In the analysis fall into the category of activities with high added value (related to the development of knowledge and innovation): R&D, product design services, engineering services and analytical and knowledge services. The second objective is to identify the relationship between the type of activity involved in the project of offshoring (low, medium and high added value) and drivers underpinning the projects, perceived risks by enterprises, location factors that affect the choice of destination country and performances achieved by the implementation of offshoring. The third objective consist in deepening the relation between the elements defined in the preceding list and the type of activity mediated by specific characteristics of the company (size) and characteristics of the project (the destination country). To achieve the three objectives were used frequency analysis and statistical tests using the database provided by Offshoring Research Network (ORN).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/79601