In this thesis work was evaluated the effect of hydrogen embrittlement on a steel, AISI 4130, used for the construction of pressure vessels for the transport of hydrogen. The work is divided into two parts: an experimental one and a numerical one more fully developed. As regards the experimental part, preliminary tests of traction were performed to characterize the steel. In addition, toughness tests of JIC type and fatigue propagation tests were carried out on the base material and material previously charged with a known concentration of hydrogen. The results of the toughness tests, obtained for specimens charged with hydrogen, relating to steel AISI 4130, together with those of other two steels F22 and X65 characterized in a previous work, have been used for the validation of the numerical model developed in the second part of the thesis. Such a finite element model, realized through the software Abaqus, intends to reproduce the behavior of a steel embrittled by the presence of hydrogen during a test of toughness. The proposed model is rather complex and includes three analyses in sequence. For the final analysis two different techniques for modelling the propagation of a crack were evaluated, the use of cohesive elements and the VCCT. Both techniques show the potential to take account of the phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement. However, comparing the results obtained from the simulations with the experimental values of the toughness tests performed on the three different steels, it has been possible to identify any limitations of the two techniques presented and to assess the most appropriate to achieve results more accurate and closer to reality. Finally, being a model where there is little literature and very recent, possible future developments were also evaluated to enhance its capabilities and to evaluate possible applications in order to extend it.
In questo lavoro di tesi è stato valutato l’effetto dell’infragilimento da idrogeno su un’acciaio, AISI 4130, utilizzato per la realizzazione di recipienti in pressione adibiti al trasporto di idrogeno. Il lavoro si divide principalmente in due parti: una sperimentale e una numerica più ampiamente sviluppata. Per quanto riguarda la parte sperimentale sono state effettuate prove preliminari di trazione per caratterizzare l’acciaio. Inoltre, test di tenacità di tipo JIC e di propagazione a fatica sono stati svolti su materiale base e materiale precedentemente caricato con una concentrazione nota di idrogeno. I risultati delle prove di tenacità, ottenuti per provini caricati con idrogeno, relativi all’acciaio AISI 4130, unitamente a quelli di altri due acciai F22 e X65 caratterizzati in un precedente lavoro, sono stati utilizzati per la validazione del modello numerico sviluppato nella seconda parte della tesi. Tale modello agli elementi finiti, realizzato attraverso il software Abaqus, intende riprodurre il comportamento di un acciaio infragilito dalla presenza dell’idrogeno durante una prova di tenacità. Il modello proposto è abbastanza complesso e include tre analisi in sequenza. Per l’ultima analisi sono state valutate due diverse tecniche per la modellazione della propagazione di una cricca, l’uso degli elementi coesivi e la VCCT. Entrambe le tecniche mostrano la potenzialità di tenere conto del fenomeno di infragilimento da idrogeno. Tuttavia, confrontando i risultati ottenuti dalle simulazioni con i valori sperimentali relativi alle prove di tenacità sui tre diversi acciai è stato possibile individuare gli eventuali limiti delle due tecniche presentate e valutare quindi la più idonea per ottenere risultati più precisi e vicini alla realtà. Infine, essendo un modello di cui vi è poca letteratura e molto recente, sono stati valutati anche possibili sviluppi futuri per migliorarne le capacità e valutare possibili applicazioni a cui estenderlo.
Modello numerico per la valutazione dell'infragilimento da idrogeno su acciai bassolegati
CHINI, STEFANO
2011/2012
Abstract
In this thesis work was evaluated the effect of hydrogen embrittlement on a steel, AISI 4130, used for the construction of pressure vessels for the transport of hydrogen. The work is divided into two parts: an experimental one and a numerical one more fully developed. As regards the experimental part, preliminary tests of traction were performed to characterize the steel. In addition, toughness tests of JIC type and fatigue propagation tests were carried out on the base material and material previously charged with a known concentration of hydrogen. The results of the toughness tests, obtained for specimens charged with hydrogen, relating to steel AISI 4130, together with those of other two steels F22 and X65 characterized in a previous work, have been used for the validation of the numerical model developed in the second part of the thesis. Such a finite element model, realized through the software Abaqus, intends to reproduce the behavior of a steel embrittled by the presence of hydrogen during a test of toughness. The proposed model is rather complex and includes three analyses in sequence. For the final analysis two different techniques for modelling the propagation of a crack were evaluated, the use of cohesive elements and the VCCT. Both techniques show the potential to take account of the phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement. However, comparing the results obtained from the simulations with the experimental values of the toughness tests performed on the three different steels, it has been possible to identify any limitations of the two techniques presented and to assess the most appropriate to achieve results more accurate and closer to reality. Finally, being a model where there is little literature and very recent, possible future developments were also evaluated to enhance its capabilities and to evaluate possible applications in order to extend it.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/79946